Nanostructures in Biosensors: Development and Applications

Karabulut, Gizem; Üllen, Nuray Beköz; Karakuş, Selcan

doi:10.5772/intechopen.108508

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This correlates with the studies by Zhang et al (2014) where cytidine 50-diphosphocholine (PC)-coated AuTSNPs detect C-reactive protein (CRP) in concentrations as low as 0.0033 mg/L, showing the remarkable features of the AuTSNPs and their wide-ranging limits of detection [38]. Detection limits for several other nanobiosensors were reported with ranging limits between 0.8 and 40 ng/mL for gold nanoparticles and 12 pM for Cu nanoclusters, among others [63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Triangular Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis: Investigating Potential Application in Materials and Biosensing

Barroso¹,

Garcia²,

Mojićević³

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Triangular silver nanoplates (TSNPs) exhibit unique optical and antimicrobial properties due to their shape, sharp edges, and vertices. In this study, TSNPs were incorporated into biopolymer blends (bacterial cellulose (BC) with polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)). Antimicrobial activity of materials was tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 95922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (106 CFU/mL). After incubation (24 h at 37 °C, 100 rpm), optical density was measured at 630 nm. In order to assess biosensing applications, specifically fibronectin (Fn) behavior, TSNPs were protected with gold (AuTSNP) and analyzed via sucrose sensitivity test and monitored by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Additionally, AuTSNPs were coated with polyethylene glycol (PEGAuTSNP). Fibronectin functionalization of PEGAuTSNPs and pH-conformation was monitored (FnPEGAuTSNP). Eventually, adequate Fn and anti-Fn antibody concentrations were determined. BC/PHB/TSNPs showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with 80 and 95% of growth inhibition, respectively. The sucrose sensitivity test indicated that the LSPRλmax of the spectra is directly proportional to the sucrose concentration. LSPRλmax of Fn-PEGAuTSNPs at pH 7 and pH 4 were measured at 633 and 643 nm, respectively. A total of 5 µg of Fn was determined to be adequate concentration, while 0.212 mg/mL of anti-Fn antibody indicatied system saturation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Triangular Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis: Investigating Potential Application in Materials and Biosensing

Barroso¹,

Garcia²,

Mojićević³

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…Using these materials and different assembly strategies, we have successfully developed biosensors for a range of target molecules with both clinical and/or industrial relevance, including schemes for the detection of glucose (diabetes) [34], uric acid (pre-eclampsia) [33], sarcosine and creatinine (prostate cancer) [35], galactose (galactosemia) [36], lactate (sepsis) [27], and xanthine (urinary track disease, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, and/or meat freshness) [37]. Similar to other work in this area [1,[12][13][14][15][16][17]38], the vast majority of biosensors developed in our lab also employ various NMs to improve S/N and, in virtually every case, utilize additional membrane layers for added selectivity (e.g., polyurethane [34] and chitosan [35], for example). Figure 1 presents two generic LbL-constructed biosensing schemes applied to xanthine (XAN) detection that feature two different NMs in established schemes that result in signal enhancement [34,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A popular strategy within biosensor research concerns amperometric sensors that utilize the natural selectivity of immobilized enzymes to directly detect their corresponding substrate or, as in the case of first-generation amperometric biosensors, indirectly detect another target molecule through an enzymatic reaction [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Within that realm, a common approach aimed at improving biosensor sensitivity is the incorporation of nanomaterials (NMs), which can range from metallic nanoparticles (NPs) or inorganic NPs to carbon-based NPs, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as functional components of the designed sensing schemes [ 1 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic Elucidation of Nanomaterial-Enhanced First-Generation Biosensors Using Probe Voltammetry of an Enzymatic Reaction

Wemple,

Kaplan,

Leopold

2023

Biosensors

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The incorporation of nanomaterials (NMs) into biosensing schemes is a well-established strategy for gaining signal enhancement. With electrochemical biosensors, the enhanced performance achieved from using NMs is often attributed to the specific physical properties of the chosen nanocomponents, such as their high electronic conductivity, size-dependent functionality, and/or higher effective surface-to-volume ratios. First generation amperometric biosensing schemes, typically utilizing NMs in conjunction with immobilized enzyme and semi-permeable membranes, can possess complex sensing mechanisms that are difficult to study and challenging to understand beyond the observable signal enhancement. This study shows the use of an enzymatic reaction between xanthine (XAN) and xanthine oxidase (XOx), involving multiple electroactive species, as an electrochemical redox probe tool for ascertaining mechanistic information at and within the modified electrodes used as biosensors. Redox probing using components of this enzymatic reaction are demonstrated on two oft-employed biosensing approaches and commonly used NMs for modified electrodes: gold nanoparticle doped films and carbon nanotube interfaces. In both situations, the XAN metabolism voltammetry allows for a greater understanding of the functionality of the semipermeable membranes, the role of the NMs, and how the interplay between the two components creates signal enhancement.

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“…It has been widely employed in environmental monitoring, food science, disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and many more 60,61 . Various nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, and carbon nanostructures, have been introduced into the development of biosensors 62–64 . Still, efficient capture of the biological recognition signal is one of the major challenges in biosensor development.…”

Section: Biomedical Applications Of Dna Origamimentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA origami technology for biomedical applications: Challenges and opportunities

Nie

et al. 2023

MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications

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DNA origami, a promising branch of structural DNA technology, refers to the technique of folding a single‐stranded DNA scaffold into well‐defined nanostructures. In recent years, DNA origami nanostructures have shown considerable promise in a variety of biomedical applications, owing to their biodegradability, unique programmability, and addressability. Despite their popularity, the biomedical application of DNA origami techniques, which exploits their unique programmability and addressability, is rare in previous studies. Most recently, mounting evidence has demonstrated the robustness of DNA origami nanostructures in the spatial organization of functional components at the nanoscale in the biomedical field. These examples provide typical paradigms to fully realize the potential of DNA origami techniques by taking advantage of their unique programmability and addressability. This minireview summarizes the recent advancements of DNA origami techniques in biosensing, biocatalysis, and drug delivery, and the representative examples using DNA origami nanostructures for the spatial organization of functional molecules with nanometric precision are highlighted. We further discuss the possible limitations and challenges for in vivo applications, including stability issues and potential immunogenicity, and finally, propose some strategies to overcome these obstacles to fully realize the potential of DNA origami techniques in biomedical applications.

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Nanostructures in Biosensors: Development and Applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 65 publications

Triangular Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis: Investigating Potential Application in Materials and Biosensing

Triangular Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis: Investigating Potential Application in Materials and Biosensing

Mechanistic Elucidation of Nanomaterial-Enhanced First-Generation Biosensors Using Probe Voltammetry of an Enzymatic Reaction

DNA origami technology for biomedical applications: Challenges and opportunities

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