Nanostructures and nanostructured substrates for surface—enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

Brown, Richard; Milton, Martin

doi:10.1002/jrs.2030

Cited by 219 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The particles act as nano-focusing lenses creating "hot-spots" in the electromagnetic field. Methods of controlling the shape, size, and ordering of nanoparticles, and their two-or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) arrangements provide a way to control the "hot-spots" [3][4][5][6]. Polarization and angular effects become important in the light field enhancement by plasmonic nano-focusing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering at oblique incidence

et al. 2012

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Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements have been carried out at different focusing conditions using objective lenses of different numerical apertures. The experimentally observed dependence of SERS intensity of thiophenol-coated Ag nano-islands shows a close-to-linear scaling with the collection aperture. The linear relationship breaks down for large numerical apertures, which suggests that the scattering is anisotropic. Numerical simulations of realistically shaped Ag nano-islands were carried out, and the spatial distribution of hot-spots has been revealed at different heights near the nano-islands. Local field enhancements of up to 100 times were estimated. The simulation also suggests an explanation for the anisotropy in the scattering observed for larger numerical aperture objectives. This appears to be due to a reduction in the local field enhancement as the electric field vector component in the plane of the shallow metal islands reduces at larger angles of incidence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering at oblique incidence

et al. 2012

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“…Appropriate fabrication is key to ensuring the efficient excitation of the localized surface-plasmon resonance. [11,13,[16][17][18] Electrochemically roughened surfaces were initially exploited for SERS measurements. [19][20][21] Later, more sophisticated designs and shapes (e.g., nanopyramids, nanocups, nanorings, nanocrescents, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of a Macroporous Microwell Array for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

Zamuner

Talaga

Deiss

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

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Here, a colloidal templating procedure for generating high‐density arrays of gold macroporous microwells, which act as discrete sites for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), is reported. Development of such a novel array with discrete macroporous sites requires multiple fabrication steps. First, selective wet‐chemical etching of the distal face of a coherent optical fiber bundle produces a microwell array. The microwells are then selectively filled with a macroporous structure by electroless template synthesis using self‐assembled nanospheres. The fabricated arrays are structured at both the micrometer and nanometer scale on etched imaging bundles. Confocal Raman microscopy is used to detect a benzenethiol monolayer adsorbed on the macroporous gold and to map the spatial distribution of the SERS signal. The Raman enhancement factor of the modified wells is investigated and an average enhancement factor of 4 × 104 is measured. This demonstrates that such nanostructured wells can enhance the local electromagnetic field and lead to a platform of ordered SERS‐active micrometer‐sized spots defined by the initial shape of the etched optical fibers. Since the fabrication steps keep the initial architecture of the optical fiber bundle, such ordered SERS‐active platforms fabricated onto an imaging waveguide open new applications in remote SERS imaging, plasmonic devices, and integrated electro‐optical sensor arrays.

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“…Two of the most important and widely studied of these applications involve the emission of light at a different wavelength than the excitation, i.e., secondary light emission: (i) sensing of molecular layers by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) (2,3); and (ii) imaging of biological microstructures using light emission generated by ultrafast laser pulses, a process often referred to as two-photon luminescence (TPL) (4,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant secondary light emission from plasmonic Au nanostructures at high electron temperatures created by pulsed-laser excitation

Huang¹,

Wang

Murphy³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

139

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Plasmonic nanostructures are of great current interest as chemical sensors, in vivo imaging agents, and for photothermal therapeutics. We study continuous-wave (cw) and pulsed-laser excitation of aqueous suspensions of Au nanorods as a model system for secondary light emission from plasmonic nanostructures. Resonant secondary emission contributes significantly to the background commonly observed in surface-enhanced Raman scattering and to the light emission generated by pulsed-laser excitation of metallic nanostructures that is often attributed to two-photon luminescence. Spectra collected using cw laser excitation at 488 nm show an enhancement of the broad spectrum of emission at the electromagnetic plasmon resonance of the nanorods. The intensity of anti-Stokes emission collected using cw laser excitation at 785 nm is described by a 300 K thermal distribution of excitations. Excitation by subpicosecond laser pulses at 785 nm broadens and increases the intensity of the anti-Stokes emission in a manner that is consistent with electronic Raman scattering by a high-temperature distribution of electronic excitations predicted by a two-temperature model. Broadening of the pulse duration using an etalon reduces the intensity of anti-Stokes emission in quantitative agreement with the model. Experiments using a pair of subpicosecond optical pulses separated by a variable delay show that the timescale of resonant secondary emission is comparable to the timescale for equilibration of electrons and phonons.gold nanorods | electron-hole pairs | surface-enhanced Raman scattering background

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Nanostructures and nanostructured substrates for surface—enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

Cited by 219 publications

References 127 publications

Light enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering at oblique incidence

Light enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering at oblique incidence

Fabrication of a Macroporous Microwell Array for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering

Resonant secondary light emission from plasmonic Au nanostructures at high electron temperatures created by pulsed-laser excitation

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