Nanostructured Wood Hybrids for Fire-Retardancy Prepared by Clay Impregnation into the Cell Wall

Fu, Qiliang; Medina, Lilian; Li, Yuanyuan; Carosio, Federico; Hajian, Alireza; Berglund, Lars A.

doi:10.1021/acsami.7b10008

Cited by 191 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…An alkali treatment is an effective method to degrade and remove lignin and is widely used in the pulping industry and in biorefineries. Lignin in the wood cell walls, especially in cell corners and in the middle lamella, can be easily removed by an alkali treatment and produces numerous voids . The increased porosity of the structure may present methods for further modification and the preparation of new wood composites with unique properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal properties enhancement of poplar wood by substituting poly(furfuryl alcohol) for the matrix

Dong

et al. 2019

Polymer Composites

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Using high‐performance polymers to replace the weak points in wood may be an efficient approach to overcoming certain drawbacks while improving the properties of wood. This study investigated the feasibility of easily replacing part of the wood matrix in poplar wood with renewable poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA). The wood was first treated with an alkali solution and was then immersed in a furfuryl alcohol (FA) solution followed by in situ polymerization. After delignification, a large part of hemicelluloses and lignin were removed. In addition, wood porosity increased and more PFA was polymerized in the wood cell walls, resulting in increased weight percent gain and efficient bulking. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the reformation strongly affected the wood thermal stability. A transformation with 30% FA maintained the porous structure of the wood and resulted in the highest maximum degradation temperature. The dynamic mechanical analysis results also indicated that reformation allowed for greater stress transfer at the interface and resulted in a lower damping peak and a higher storage modulus. Our approach, therefore, could provide a promising method to enhance the performance of wood by reforming the wood components and structures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal properties enhancement of poplar wood by substituting poly(furfuryl alcohol) for the matrix

Dong

et al. 2019

Polymer Composites

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“…a) Critical heat flux ( q crit ) and b) TRP are determined. c) Comparison of the calculated ignition delay time of this work with other reported fire‐resistant wood results at an external heat flux of 50 kW m −2 . (Mg–Al: Mg‐Al‐layered double‐hydroxide; PFA: Polymerization of Furfuryl Alcohol; ADP: Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…b) A scalable piece of the BN‐densified wood fabricated in our lab. c) Comparison of the tensile strength and ignition delay time of the BN‐densified wood with results of fire resistant wood reported elsewhere . Note: Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flame retardants interfere with the combustion process during ignition, pyrolysis, or flame spread either through chemical reactions or by acting as a physical barrier . The addition of flame retardants to wood can improve the material's fire resistance without sacrificing the intrinsic advantages of wood materials . Although halogen and phosphorus organic fire retardants can effectively reduce the HRR and enhance the fire resistance of wood, the environmental risks caused by toxic halogen products is problematic .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, inorganic flame retardants are greener and more suitable for sustainable applications. Most inorganic flame retardants display outstanding gas barrier functions, including clay, clay nanopaper, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and Mg–Al hydroxide . They reduce the HRR of wood by insulating the surface and delaying the thermal decomposition of the wood material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fire‐Resistant Structural Material Enabled by an Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Hexagonal Boron Nitride Coating

Gan

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

107

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Fire retardant coatings have been proven effective at reducing the heat release rate (HRR) of structural materials during burning; yet effective methods for increasing the ignition temperature and delay time prior to burning are rarely reported. Herein, a strong, fire‐resistant wood structural material is developed by combining a densification treatment with an anisotropic thermally conductive flame‐retardant coating of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets to produce BN‐densified wood. The thermal management properties created by the BN coating provide fast, in‐plane thermal diffusion, slowing the conduction of heat through the densified wood, which improves the material's ignition properties. Compared with densified wood without the BN coating, a 41 °C enhancement in ignition temperature (Tig), a twofold increase in ignition delay time (tig), and a 25% decrease in the maximum HRR of BN‐densified wood can be achieved. As a proof of concept for scalability, the pieces of the BN‐densified wood are fabricated with a length larger than 25 cm, width greater than 15 cm, and thickness more than 7 mm. The improved thermal management, fire resistance, mechanical strength, and scalable production of BN‐densified wood position it as a promising structural material for safe and energy‐efficient buildings.

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Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

Gan

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

145

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Wood is one of the most abundant, sustainable, and aesthetically pleasing structural materials and is commonly used in building and furniture construction. Unfortunately, the fire hazard of wood is a major safety concern for its practical applications. Herein, an effective and environmentally friendly method is demonstrated to substantially improve the fire-retardant properties of wood materials by delignification and densification. The densification process eliminates the spaces between the cell walls, leading to a highly compact laminated structure that can block oxygen from infiltrating the material. In addition, an insulating wood char layer self-formed during the burning process obstructs the transport of heat and oxygen diffusion. These synergistic effects contribute to the material's excellent fire-retardant and self-extinguished properties, including a 2.08-fold enhancement in ignition time (t ig ) and 34.6% decrease in maximum heat release rate. Meanwhile, the densified wood shows a more than 82-fold enhancement in compressive strength compared with natural wood after exposure to flame for 90 s, which could effectively prevent the collapse and destruction of wooden structures, and gain precious rescue time when a fire occurs. The facile top-down chemical delignification and densification process enabling both substantially enhances fire-retardant performance and mechanical robustness represents a promising direction toward fire-retardant and high-strength structural materials.

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Nanostructured Wood Hybrids for Fire-Retardancy Prepared by Clay Impregnation into the Cell Wall

Cited by 191 publications

References 59 publications

Thermal properties enhancement of poplar wood by substituting poly(furfuryl alcohol) for the matrix

Thermal properties enhancement of poplar wood by substituting poly(furfuryl alcohol) for the matrix

Fire‐Resistant Structural Material Enabled by an Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Hexagonal Boron Nitride Coating

Dense, Self‐Formed Char Layer Enables a Fire‐Retardant Wood Structural Material

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