Nanostructured Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts for direct formic acid fuel cells

Liu, Zhaolin; Hong, Liang; Tham, Mun Pun; Lim, Tze Han; Jiang, Huixin

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.05.052

Cited by 241 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While Pt is used as the catalyst on the cathode, Pd on the anode provides an initial selectivity in the mixed reactant situation. Pd is also a better catalyst in DFAFC [29]. The schematic illustration in Fig.…”

Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Pumping Membraneless Miniature Fuel Cell With an Air-Breathing Cathode

Hur

Meng

Kim

2012

J. Microelectromech. Syst.

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Abstract-We introduce a simple and compact fuel-cell architecture consisting of only solid channels and demonstrate its validity by developing a miniature direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The proposed architecture generates electric power while pumping the fuel and removing byproduct CO 2 without any discrete pump, gas separator, or membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The fuel pump and gas separator are embedded in the channel, as reported before, by directionally growing and venting CO 2 byproduct bubbles formed inside the reaction microchannels using "virtual check valve" and microporous hydrophobic venting membrane. The new architecture further eliminates the MEA, along with the issues associated with it, by flowing one stream of fuel and electrolyte mixture in a single channel consisting of both an anode and an air-breathing cathode. The reported system obtains a supply of oxygen directly from quiescent air through a gas-diffusion cathode rather than using an oxygen tank. By eliminating all the ancillary parts, the so-called "packaging penalty," which has been hindering the miniaturization of fuel cells below the order of a centimeter, is avoided. This simple and self-standing fuel-cell unit produces 16.7 mW/cm 2 , a performance comparable to the existing bulkier DFAFCs that use external pumps, pressurized oxygen or MEA.[2011-0088]

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Section: Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Pumping Membraneless Miniature Fuel Cell With an Air-Breathing Cathode

Hur

Meng

Kim

2012

J. Microelectromech. Syst.

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“…In the case of alcohol fuel cells, in particular methanol, fuel crossover represents a major challenge which limits fuel concentration and overall energy density of the cell [1]. In this context, formic acid has emerged as an alternative fuel, showing lower crossover through the polymeric membrane than methanol [2], as well as for being non-carcinogenic, non-flammable and easy to store and transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of thermal treatments on the stability of Pd nanoparticles supported on graphitised ordered mesoporous carbons

Celorrio

Sebastián

Calvillo

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. AbstractThe graphitisation of ordered mesoporous carbons (CMK-3) was carried out by thermal treatments under different conditions of temperature and heating rate. The electrochemical characterization in acidic medium of the graphitised CMK-3 showed that such a thermal treatment is effective to decrease the carbon oxidation rate (corrosion) while preserving a good porosity in terms of capacitance.Besides, the graphitisation degree and, in consequence, the electrochemical corrosion resistance can be modulated by an appropriate choice of thermal treatment conditions, where the heating rate and temperature appear as critical parameters. Under certain graphitisation conditions, the carbon corrosion of CMK-3 can be minimized showing lower rates compared to a commercial carbon black (Vulcan). Palladium nanoparticles were supported on the most promising graphitised CMK-3 and Vulcan using a method based on impregnation and reduction with borohydride, resulting in suitable metal crystallite sizes. The electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of carbon monoxide and formic acid were assessed in aqueous sulphuric acid electrolyte for application at the anode of direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs). The best activity results were obtained for the Pd catalyst supported on a graphitised CMK-3.

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“…[17,20] While methanol has been extensively studied as a liquid fuel for the fuel cell, its usage is limited because of toxicity, the production of CO, which poisons Pt catalysts, and the problem of methanol crossover. [20,21] Formic acid has these problems much less. [19] The formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) occurs at the anode of the DFAFCs and is known to have two different reaction mechanisms; a direct pathway of dehydrogenation (HCOOH → HCOO ads + H + + e − → CO 2 + 2H + + 2e − ) and an indirect pathway of dehydration (HCOOH → CO ads + H 2 O → CO 2 + 2H + + 2e − ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Durable Platinum Single‐Atom Alloy Catalyst for Electrochemical Reactions

Kim

Roh

Sahoo

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

163

155

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Single atomic Pt catalyst can offer efficient utilization of the expensive platinum and provide unique selectivity because it lacks ensemble sites. However, designing such a catalyst with high Pt loading and good durability is very challenging. Here, single atomic Pt catalyst supported on antimony‐doped tin oxide (Pt1/ATO) is synthesized by conventional incipient wetness impregnation, with up to 8 wt% Pt. The single atomic Pt structure is confirmed by high‐angle annular dark field scanning tunneling electron microscopy images and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis results. Density functional theory calculations show that replacing Sb sites with Pt atoms in the bulk phase or at the surface of SbSn or ATO is energetically favorable. The Pt1/ATO shows superior activity and durability for formic acid oxidation reaction, compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The single atomic Pt structure is retained even after a harsh durability test, which is performed by repeating cyclic voltammetry in the range of 0.05–1.4 V for 1800 cycles. A full cell is fabricated for direct formic acid fuel cell using the Pt1/ATO as an anode catalyst, and an order of magnitude higher cell power is obtained compared to the Pt/C.

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Nanostructured Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts for direct formic acid fuel cells

Cited by 241 publications

References 26 publications

Self-Pumping Membraneless Miniature Fuel Cell With an Air-Breathing Cathode

Self-Pumping Membraneless Miniature Fuel Cell With an Air-Breathing Cathode

Influence of thermal treatments on the stability of Pd nanoparticles supported on graphitised ordered mesoporous carbons

Highly Durable Platinum Single‐Atom Alloy Catalyst for Electrochemical Reactions

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