Nanostructured Polyelectrolytes Based on SPEEK/TiO2 for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs)

Filho, José Carlos Dutra; Santos, Tamirys Rodrigues dos; Gomes, Aílton de Souza

doi:10.4322/polimeros.2014.069

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The wide band at 3440 cm −1 is attributed to the OH- vibration of the hydroxyl group of the sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 H) (occurring exclusively in the oxy-1,4-henyleneoxy rings) [RS(=O)2-OH] [ 7 ]. The vibration at 1050 cm −1 corresponds to the symmetrical stretching of the S=O band [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Bioactivation of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) by Sulfuric Acid and Piranha Solution: Influence of the Modification Route in Capacity for Inducing Cell Growth

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to promote bioactivity of the PEEK surface using sulfuric acid and piranha solution. PEEK was functionalized by a sulfuric acid treatment for 90 s and by piranha solution for 60 and 90 s. Chemical modification of the PEEK surface was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy, contact angle analysis, cytotoxicity, cell adhesion and proliferation. The spectroscopy characteristic band associated with sulfonation was observed in all treated samples. PEEK with piranha solution 60 s showed an increase in the intensity of the bands, which was even more significant for the longer treatment (90 s). The introduction of the sulfonic acid functional group reduced the contact angle. In cytotoxicity assays, for all treatments, the number of viable cells was higher when compared to those of untreated PEEK. PEEK treated with sulfuric acid and piranha solution for 60 s were the treatments that showed the highest percentage of cell viability with no statistically significant differences between them. The modified surfaces had a greater capacity for inducing cell growth, indicative of effective cell adhesion and proliferation. The proposed chemical modifications are promising for the functionalization of PEEK-based implants, as they were effective in promoting bioactivation of the PEEK surface and in stimulating cell growth and proliferation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Bioactivation of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) by Sulfuric Acid and Piranha Solution: Influence of the Modification Route in Capacity for Inducing Cell Growth

et al. 2021

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“…The addition of TiO 2 also reduces the fuel crossover in the membrane, which affects the cell performance. Inorganic TiO 2 as a nanofiller tends to reduce the WU of the membrane by reducing the free volume available for water, thus reducing its swelling and permeability . On the other side, proton conductivity will decrease due to the increased resistance to proton transfer .…”

Section: Factors Affecting Speek Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inorganic TiO 2 as a nanofiller tends to reduce the WU of the membrane by reducing the free volume available for water, thus reducing its swelling and permeability. 292 On the other side, proton conductivity will decrease due to the increased resistance to proton transfer. 293 TiO 2 functionalization (acid and amine functionalization) is a useful method to positively influence its properties as a filler in the composite membrane preparation.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Advancement Approach and Strategy in SPEEK-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Application

Kamal,

Jaafar,

Khan

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Due to rising energy demand and global warming, the world is shifting from nonrenewable energy to renewable sources, such as fuel cells (FCs), due to their high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an environmentally friendly and efficient FC. It converts the chemical energy stored in hydrogen fuel into electrical energy. A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is a core element of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). It transfers a proton from the anode to cathode, restricts electron flow across the membrane surface, and prevents reactant mixing. Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)-based membranes are effective PEMs as compared to commonly used Nafion membranes due to their excellent chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability as well as cost-effectiveness. However, it suffers from poor proton conductivity. Normally, the proton conductivity of SPEEK can be improved by enhancing the degree of sulfonation (DS) and temperature and reducing the relative humidity (RH). However, the high DS of SPEEK and temperature with low RH tend to reduce the mechanical strength of PEM, which consequently sacrifices the membrane's lifetime. Therefore, the design of efficient SPEEK PEMs requires further modifications to improve the proton conductivity and strength, which can simultaneously enhance single-cell performance and durability. Therefore, this article reviews the advancements and various strategies to achieve high-performance and long-lived SPEEK-based PEMs. First, the tuning of SPEEK was performed by varying the DS of SPEEK. Second, the progress of modifying SPEEK with inorganic nano additives and metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) was also discussed comprehensively. The review also summarizes the influence of electrically and magnetically aligned nanoparticles on FC performance and membrane durability. Thus, the present review paper can be used as a reference for controlling different parameters to develop both efficient and durable SPEEK-based PEMs that can potentially compete with Nafion-based membranes for FC applications.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Ion‐Conducting Membranes Based on Poly(ether sulfone) and Protic Ionic Liquid

Batalha

Sampaio

Filho

et al. 2018

Macromolecular Symposia

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Concerns about environmental preservation instigate new investigations on alternative energy sources, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In order to avoid efficiency loss in PEMFC systems, at temperatures above 100 °C and minimize catalyst poisoning, anhydrous conditions are proposed, with substitution of water molecules by protic ionic liquids (PILs) as conducting medium for ions. PILs also feature excellent thermal stability. In this work, poly(ether sulfone) (PES), diethylmethylamine triflate ([dema][TfOH]) and titania (TiO2) or zirconia (ZrO2) based membranes were obtained and characterized, so that the filler effect on ion conductivity and polymer/PIL compatibility could be evaluated. XRD and TGA results indicated higher PES chain organization induced by the oxide networks, with thermal stability over 200 °C. These networks also contribute to better PIL retention in the membranes, as shown by TD‐NMR, and help improve ion conductivity, reaching values 160% higher than those found in samples containing just PIL.

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Nanostructured Polyelectrolytes Based on SPEEK/TiO2 for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs)

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Surface Bioactivation of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) by Sulfuric Acid and Piranha Solution: Influence of the Modification Route in Capacity for Inducing Cell Growth

Surface Bioactivation of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) by Sulfuric Acid and Piranha Solution: Influence of the Modification Route in Capacity for Inducing Cell Growth

A Critical Review of the Advancement Approach and Strategy in SPEEK-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Application

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Ion‐Conducting Membranes Based on Poly(ether sulfone) and Protic Ionic Liquid

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