Nanostructured organic photosensitizer aggregates in disease phototheranostics

Zheng, Maochao; Yang, Qianqian; Lu, Chao Tsang; Wu, Xiao‐Lei; Yan, Wei; Liu, Daojun

doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103598

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 133 publications

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“…In addition, some nanoparticles and organic dyes can also act as PSs by absorbing light and generating ROS, such as fullerene (C 60 ), 88 TiO 2, 74 boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), 65 and PSs with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 Compared with second‐generation PSs, third‐generation PSs have a larger molar extinction coefficient absorption, higher fluorescence quantum efficiency, good photostability, and better selectivity. However, research on third‐generation PSs is still in the animal experimentation stage.…”

Section: The Development Course Of Pssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy for cancer: mechanisms, photosensitizers, nanocarriers, and clinical studies

Zhao,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

MedComm

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a temporally and spatially precisely controllable, noninvasive, and potentially highly efficient method of phototherapy. The three components of PDT primarily include photosensitizers, oxygen, and light. PDT employs specific wavelengths of light to active photosensitizers at the tumor site, generating reactive oxygen species that are fatal to tumor cells. Nevertheless, traditional photosensitizers have disadvantages such as poor water solubility, severe oxygen‐dependency, and low targetability, and the light is difficult to penetrate the deep tumor tissue, which remains the toughest task in the application of PDT in the clinic. Here, we systematically summarize the development and the molecular mechanisms of photosensitizers, and the challenges of PDT in tumor management, highlighting the advantages of nanocarriers‐based PDT against cancer. The development of third generation photosensitizers has opened up new horizons in PDT, and the cooperation between nanocarriers and PDT has attained satisfactory achievements. Finally, the clinical studies of PDT are discussed. Overall, we present an overview and our perspective of PDT in the field of tumor management, and we believe this work will provide a new insight into tumor‐based PDT.

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