Nanostructured Morphologies and Topologies of π‐Conjugated Polymers from Thermally Reactive Polymer Blends

Han, Xu; Chen, Xiwen; Holdcroft, Steven

doi:10.1002/adma.200601828

Cited by 27 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This has been accomplished using two different approaches with either thermocleavable or acid‐cleavable side chains (Figure 3). 38, 39…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent developments in this research direction have largely been through the use of thermo‐cleavable tertiary esters, where the side chain is attached to the active conjugated polymer backbone through a heat‐labile ester bond. As illustrated in Figure 4, thermocleavage of poly[3‐(2‐methyl‐2‐hexyl)‐oxy‐carbonylbithiophene] (P3MHOCT) can proceed in two distinct steps with increasing temperature by initial removal of the solubilizing tertiary substituent, leaving a carboxylic‐acid‐substituted thiophene (P3CT), which upon further heating to around 300 °C will decarboxylate, leaving native PT 37, 39. The thermocleaved materials, P3CT and PT, are insoluble in all solvents and have demonstrated superior stability, compared with P3MHOCT, in photovoltaic devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Functional Polymers for Increasing the Stability of Organic Photovoltaics

Bundgaard

Helgesen

Carlé

et al. 2013

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The development of new advanced polymers for improving the stability of OPV is reviewed. Two main degradation pathways for the OPV active layer are identified: photochemically initiated reactions primarily starting in the side chains and morphological changes that degrade the important nanostructure. Chemical units can be introduced that impart an increased stability. Similarly, the morphological degradation of the optimal nanostructure can be reduced. Active polymers and blends with acceptor material are used to create nanoparticle links with controlled size. Most of these advanced polymers and processing methods have only been utilized in small‐scale devices prepared by standard techniques such as spin coating, but a few cases of roll‐to‐roll processed solar cells with heat‐cleaved side chains are discussed.

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“…This has been accomplished using two different approaches with either thermocleavable or acid‐cleavable side chains (Figure 3). 38, 39…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Functional Polymers for Increasing the Stability of Organic Photovoltaics

Bundgaard

Helgesen

Carlé

et al. 2013

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…In turn, Holdcroft et al demonstrated the fabrication of nano/microscale patterned films of polythiophenes bearing solubilizing and thermally cleavable groups (tertrahydropyranyl, THP), also making use of phase separation during spin-casting polymer blends of the electroactive polymer and a dielectric polymer (poly(methyl methacrylate) or PS). 24 In this case, the thermal elimination of THP groups in acidic medium enables the dielectric polymer to be washed away leaving an insoluble dot matrix of conjugated polymer. 24 We note that surface pattern-ordered phase separation was also already reported in spin-cast blends of CPs and PSs deposited on chemically patterned surfaces, representing a step forward in relation to the isotropic patterning approach, although more complicated procedures are involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insoluble Patterns of Cross-Linkable Conjugated Polymers from Blend Demixing in Spin Cast Films

et al. 2009

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Insoluble patterns of cross-linkable conjugated polymers, CPs, are obtained from spin coating their blends with polystyrene, PS, following an approach first demonstrated for poly [2-methoxy-5-(2 0 -ethyl)hexyloxy-2,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) by Castro et al. (Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 5504). Taking advantage of the CP and PS tendency to phase separate, we make use of CP functionality to be crosslinked, so PS can be removed, leaving behind a solvent-resistant pattern. Columnar, spike, and porous structures can be obtained. Furthermore, we show that these patterns morphologies and dimensions can be controlled by adjusting the experimental conditions and the PS molecular weight. We present strategies to tune cross-linkable CP's films morphologies aiming for applications in organic solar cells and light-emitting devices.

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“…[32][33][34][35][36][37] Similarly, a related strategy has been employed to process conjugated polymers for use in OPV. [42][43][44][45] Chemical routes prot from high side chain cleavage efficiency. 38,39 Unfortunately, however, such alkyl chains have been shown to promote degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, synthesis and thermal behaviour of a series of well-defined clickable and triggerable sulfonate polymers

et al. 2015

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In the printing industry, the exploitation of triggerable materials that can have their surface properties altered on application of a post-deposition external stimulus has been crucial for the production of robust layers and patterns. To this end, herein, a series of clickable poly(R-alkyl p-styrene sulfonate) homopolymers, with systematically varied thermally-labile protecting groups, has been synthesised via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation. The polymer range has been designed to offer varied post-deposition thermal treatment to switch them from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Suitable RAFT conditions have been identified to produce well-defined homopolymers (Đ, M w /M n < 1.11 in all cases) at high monomer conversions (>80% for all but one monomer) with controllable molar mass. Poly(p-styrene sulfonate) with an isobutyl protecting group has been shown to be the most readily thermolysed polymer that remains stable at room temperature, and was thus investigated further by incorporation into a diblock copolymer, P3HT-b-PiBSS, by click chemistry. The strategy for preparation of thermal modifiable block copolymers exploiting R-protected p-styrene sulfonates and azide-alkyne click chemistry presented herein allows the design of new, roll-to-roll processable materials for potential application in the printing industry, particularly organic electronics.

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Nanostructured Morphologies and Topologies of π‐Conjugated Polymers from Thermally Reactive Polymer Blends

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Advanced Functional Polymers for Increasing the Stability of Organic Photovoltaics

Advanced Functional Polymers for Increasing the Stability of Organic Photovoltaics

Insoluble Patterns of Cross-Linkable Conjugated Polymers from Blend Demixing in Spin Cast Films

Design, synthesis and thermal behaviour of a series of well-defined clickable and triggerable sulfonate polymers

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