Nanostructured Fe₃O₄/SWNT Electrode: Binder‐Free and High‐Rate Li‐Ion Anode

Abstract

Rechargeable Li-ion batteries are currently being explored for high-power applications such as electric vehicles. However, in order to deploy Li-ion batteries in next-generation vehicles, it is essential to develop electrodes made from durable, nontoxic, and inexpensive materials with a high charge/discharge rate and a high reversible capacity. Transition metal oxides such as Fe

Extremely Durable High‐Rate Capability of a LiNi0.4Mn0.4Co0.2O2 Cathode Enabled with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

“…[ 24 ] In our previous work we demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) could be employed as a fl exible net enabling reversible cycling for a high volume expansion materials. [ 25 ] In this work the cathode material does not undergo volume expansion but suffers from poor electrical conductivity and surface over-charge/over-discharge causing capacity fade, especially at high rate. We now demonstrate that the SWNTs can improve both conductivity and also stabilize the surface at an exceptionally high rate of 10C (charge/discharge in 6 min).…”

“…However, the structure can transition to a cubic, spinel-type structure in which the cations are mixed between the two sites, with Li in the transition metal layer and the Ni in the Li layer. [ 5 , 30 ] Figure 3 shows in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of an NMCSWNT electrode during heating and cooling in air between 25 and 525 ° C. The peak at around 26 ° is from trace non-nanotube, graphitic carbon impurities in the SWNTs, which diminishes above 300 ° C upon oxidation. The broad peak around 22 ° that appears above 300 ° C is attributed to crystallization of the well-bundled SWNTs.…”

“…The surface of LiNi 0.4 Mn 0.4 Co 0.2 O 2 material with low electronic quenching of the Raman lines as has been previously observed for SWNTs-incorporated Fe 3 O 4 anodes. [ 25 ] The LiNi 0.4 Mn 0.4 Co 0.2 O 2 compound has the layered structure of α -NaFeO 2 with trigonal symmetry (space group R3m ), which has a close packed oxygen anion sub-lattice with two interstitial cation sites between the close packed layers. In the perfect layered structure, the Li is on one cation site, and the Ni, Mn and Co on the other.…”

Phase evolution for conversion reaction electrodes in lithium-ion batteries

“…Specifically, phase conversion reactions have provided a rich playground for lithium-ion battery technologies with potential to improve specific/rate capacity and achieve high resistance to lithium metal plating [14][15][16][17][18][19] . Among the many potential candidates, transition metal oxides have received broad interests as lithium-ion battery anode materials [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . Although electrochemistry and synthesis of transition metal oxides have been well studied 18,19 , the spatially resolved phase conversion pathways (for example, nucleation, charge distribution and anode-electrolyte interface (AEI) formation) remain elusive.…”

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles with potential use as anode in lithium ion batteries

“…The large demand for energy storage devices has encouraged studies on rechargeable Li-ions batteries (LIBs). They have been widely used as high power source for several portable electronic devices and electric vehicles [6][7][8] . The research efforts have push up the interest in developing new electrode materials with high capacity and cycling stability for a new generation of lithium ion batteries.…”