Nanostructured energetic materials using sol–gel methodologies

Tillotson, Thomas M.; Gash, Alexander E.; Simpson, Robert B.; Hrubesh, Lawrence W.; Satcher, Joe H.; Poco, J.F.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(01)00477-x

Cited by 295 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…LLNL was the first to appreciate that this methodology enables a unique way to the control of the morphology, size, and composition of components of energetic nanocomposites as well as enhancing their intimate mixing. [11][12][13] For the past fifteen years researchers at LLNL have developed a new economical, safe, and straightforward sol-gel synthetic routes to highly pure, high surface area, small particle size, inorganic oxides (oxidizers) and organic (fuel) sol-gel materials. [14][15][16] Using the sol-gel methodology structural and compositional parameters can be manipulated on the nanoscale.…”

Section: Scheme 1 Scheme Showing the Structural Features Of An Energmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13] For the past fifteen years researchers at LLNL have developed a new economical, safe, and straightforward sol-gel synthetic routes to highly pure, high surface area, small particle size, inorganic oxides (oxidizers) and organic (fuel) sol-gel materials. [14][15][16] Using the sol-gel methodology structural and compositional parameters can be manipulated on the nanoscale. This has enabled the establishment of new energetic materials with new and potentially useful properties.…”

Section: Scheme 1 Scheme Showing the Structural Features Of An Energmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems in Breast Cancer Solid Tumors

Zarabi¹

2007

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 11-07-2006 REPORT TYPE Final Technical Project Report DATES COVERED (From -To)June 2003 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)PP-1362 DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Unlimited Distribution SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES none ABSTRACTThis work details the stab ignition, small-scale sensitivity, and energy release characteristics of bimetallic Al/Ni(V) and Al/Monel energetic nanolaminate free-standing films. The influence of the engineered nanostructural features of the multilayersiscorrelated with both stab initiation and small-scale energetic materials testing results. Structural parameters of the thin films found to be important include the bi-layer period, total thickness of the film, and presence of coating Al layers. Live lead-free M55 stab detonators were prepared using energetic nanolaminate as the stab mix, cyanuric triazide as the transfer charge, and an Army formulation for the output charge. These lead-free detonators were demonstrated to have the acceptable stab sensitivity (21-35 mJ) as is required in current M55 detonators. There was evidence that the replacement of the current NOL-130 stab mix by compact powders of energetic multilayers does not affect the performance of the stab detonator. SUBJECT TERMS

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Section: Scheme 1 Scheme Showing the Structural Features Of An Energmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scheme 1 Scheme Showing the Structural Features Of An Energmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems in Breast Cancer Solid Tumors

Zarabi¹

2007

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“…Many methods have been developed to fabricate the engineered energetic nanocomposites, such as ultrasonic mixing 18,19 , self-assembly approaches 5 , sol-gel [20][21][22] , vapor deposition techniques 16,17,23,24 , as well as high-energy ball milling (HEBM) 1,5 . The disadvantage of ultrasonic mixing of nano-powder is that a thick (5-10 nm) oxide shell on metal nanoparticles reduces energy density and degrades the combustion performance of reactive mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Reactivity of Gasless Nanostructured Energetic Materials

Manukyan

Shuck

Рогачев

et al. 2015

JoVE

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High-Energy Ball Milling (HEBM) is a ball milling process where a powder mixture placed in the ball mill is subjected to high-energy collisions from the balls. Among other applications, it is a versatile technique that allows for effective preparation of gasless reactive nanostructured materials with high energy density per volume (Ni+Al, Ta+C, Ti+C). The structural transformations of reactive media, which take place during HEBM, define the reaction mechanism in the produced energetic composites. Varying the processing conditions permits fine tuning of the milling-induced microstructures of the fabricated composite particles. In turn, the reactivity, i.e., self-ignition temperature, ignition delay time, as well as reaction kinetics, of high energy density materials depends on its microstructure. Analysis of the milling-induced microstructures suggests that the formation of fresh oxygen-free intimate high surface area contacts between the reagents is responsible for the enhancement of their reactivity. This manifests itself in a reduction of ignition temperature and delay time, an increased rate of chemical reaction, and an overall decrease of the effective activation energy of the reaction. The protocol provides a detailed description for the preparation of reactive nanocomposites with tailored microstructure using short-term HEBM method. It also describes a high-speed thermal imaging technique to determine the ignition/combustion characteristics of the energetic materials. The protocol can be adapted to preparation and characterization of a variety of nanostructured energetic composites. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…Moreover, if, during the solgel synthesis, a certain amount of fuel is added to the metal oxide matrix, it is possible to obtain what is known as an energetic nanocomposite [7][8][9]. When thermally stimulated, a self-sustaining reaction is triggered, in which there is a high release of 3 energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, their nanostructured nature allows an improved reactivity, which results from their small size and high surface area. If, in these nanocomposites, the fuel is a metal, a thermite system is obtained [8,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%