Nanostructured commercially pure titanium for development of miniaturized biomedical implants

<p>Biological response of chemically treated surface of the ultrafine-grained Ti&ndash;6Al&ndash;7Nb alloy for biomedical applications</p>

“…Additionally, surface modifications of nanostructured metals can provide topographic features that can induce biological responses from bonerelated cells when interacting with the metallic substrate. 10,11 Indeed, in the literature, SPD has been widely described as an important metallurgical processing route to improve the mechanical performance of metals and alloys. [12][13][14][15] A welldesigned sequence of hot, warm, and cold metallurgical deformation can be employed to acquire tailored bulk nanostructures and optimize mechanical responses for implant material performance.…”

Functionally graded titanium implants: Characteristic enhancement induced by combined severe plastic deformation

“…SMAT processing significantly improves the amount of HAGBs confirming that SMAT causes a lot of defects, shear gradients and dislocations which increases the misorientation angles and finally transforms the LAGBs to HAGBs, this shows the beneficial effect of SMAT process on ECAPed Ti sample. The grain refinement through the combined application of ECAP and SMAT is favorable for the biological response of materials, since the grain refinement can provoke various bone type cells and leads to better proliferation and adhesion [27]. The standard deviation data also confirms the beneficial effect of SMAT processing that leads to production of the more homogenous structures in top layers of samples.…”

“…Also, the increased osteoblast adhesion on ultrafine grained/nanophase SPDed Ti and Ti64 alloy in comparison with their coarse-grained (CG) counterparts was reported by Yao et al [26]. They showed that the fabrication of nanostructured pure Ti by SPD not only produces a material with superior mechanical properties but also shows that it is a promising technique for producing miniature implants [27]. Additionally, the application of SPD on commercially pure titanium was shown to produce nano-structure capable of enhancing protein adsorption and assisting the proliferation and attachment of SaOS-2 cells [28].…”

Developing Nanostructured Ti Alloys for Innovative Implantable Medical Devices

“…Recently, materials scientists have been exploring possibilities of improved interaction of nanostructured materials with body tissues, for instance bones. In this respect, surface modifications of bulk nanomaterials demonstrate encouraging results [17,18,20,21]. These improvements provide the possibility for development and design of implantable medical devices that perform better and provide improved functionality in comparison to their counterparts manufactured from common coarse-grained materials.…”

“…Nanostructuring of metallic materials increases material strength due to work hardening and grain refinement [13,14], consequently, fatigue life can be also significantly increased by microstructure refinement [15]. Understanding material processing by SPD techniques is essential for designing of medical devices with improved functionality as it not only improves mechanical properties but also affects corrosion and biomedical properties [16][17][18]. Improved strength and enhanced biomedical response of a nanostructured material can be efficiently used in dental implants; a stent of such permanent implant manufactured from nanostructured Ti can be significantly smaller due to the increased strength and therefore less harmful for a patient [19].…”