Nanostructure Science and Technology

Abstract

, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Tutorial lectures given by world-renowned researchers have become one of the important traditions of the Nano and Giga Challenges (NGC) conference series. Soon after preparations had begun for the first forum, NGC2002, 1 in Moscow, Russia, the organizers realized that publication of the lectures notes would be a valuable legacy of the meeting and a significant educational resource and knowledge base for students, young researchers, and senior experts. Our first book was published by Elsevier and received the same title as the meeting itself-Nano and Giga Challenges in Microelectronics. 2 Our second book, Nanotechnology for Electronic Materials and Devices, 3 based on the tutorial lectures at NGC2004 4 in Krakow, Poland, the third book from NGC2007 5 in Phoenix, Arizona, and the current book from joint NGC2009 and CSTC2009 6 meeting in Hamilton, Ontario, have been published in Springer's Nanostructure Science and Technology series. Hosted by McMaster University, the meeting NGC/CSTC 2009 was held as a joint event of two conference series, Nano and Giga Challenges (Nano & Giga Forum) and Canadian Semiconductor Technology Conferences (CSTC), bringing together the networks and expertise of both professional forums. Informational (electronics and photonics), renewable energy (solar systems, fuel cells, and batteries), and sensor (nano and bio) technologies have reached a new stage in their development in terms of engineering limits to cost-effective improvement of current technological approaches. The latest miniaturization of electronic devices is approaching atomic dimensions. Interconnect bottlenecks are limiting circuit speeds, new materials are being introduced into microelectronics manufacture at an unprecedented rate, and alternative technologies to mainstream CMOS are being considered. The low cost of natural energy sources and ignorance of the limits and environmental impact from use of natural carbon-based fuels have been long-standing economic barriers to the development of alternative and more efficient solar systems, fuel cells, and batteries. Nanotechnology is widely accepted as a source of potential solutions in securing future progress in information and energy technologies. Nanotechnology as the art (i.e., science and technique) of control, manipulation , and fabrication of devices with structural and functional attributes smaller than 100 nm is perfectly suited to advanced CMOS technology....

Nanotechnology and the need for risk governance

“…Nanotechnology refers to the development and application of materials, devices and systems with fundamentally new properties and functions because of their structures in the range of about 1 to 100 nanometres (Siegel et al, 1999). It involves the manipulation and/or creation of material structures at the nanoscale, in the atomic, molecular and supramolecular realm.…”

“…While the international benchmarking performed in over 20 countries in 1997-1999 (Siegel et al 1999) provided seeds for the formation of an international nanotechnology expert community, the policies and regulatory frameworks of various countries have remained fragmented until today. An international call for addressing global challenges in nanotechnology research (Roco 2001), and for addressing societal dimensions of nanotechnology at the international level (Roco 2003), have all contributed to the collaborative development of nanotechnology, but have had a relatively limited effect on nanotechnology governance efforts and the harmonisation of risk governance methods and structures.…”

Influence of Macro-Topography on Damage Tolerance and Fracture Toughness of Monolithic Epoxy for Tribological Applications

“…To grasp phenomenological understanding of tribology and fracture mechanics, it is of foremost importance to study the interplay between topographical features and bulk properties [6]. To improve the wear resistance of monolithic polymers, surface coatings are applied.…”

Influence of Temperature and Time on Nd2O3-SiO2Composite Prepared by the Solgel Process

“…Over the past few years, there has been considerable interest in the study of binary oxide systems containing nanocrystalline Ln 2 O 3 (Ln, lanthanide) and silica due to their importance in many fields of technology, to name a few, photonics, microelectronics, sensors and catalysts, etc. [1,2]. Applications of the nanomaterials are very interesting specially in the field of photonics and catalysis because of a quantum size phenomenon.…”