Nanostructure, osteopontin, and mechanical properties of calcitic avian eggshell

Athanasiadou, Dimitra; Jiang, Wenge; Goldbaum, Dina; Saleem, Aroba; Basu, Kaustuv; Pacella, Michael S.; Böhm, Corinna F.; Chromik, Richard R.; Hincke, Maxwell T.; Rodríguez‐Navarro, Alejandro B.; Vali, Hojatollah; Wolf, Stephan E.; Gray, Jeffrey J.; Bui, Khanh Huy; McKee, Marc D.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar3219

Cited by 87 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In some parts, however, the extinction pattern is irregular. It should be noted that the extinction pattern is similar to the grain shape of calcite detected by EBSD analysis (Athanasiadou et al, 2018; see EBSD observation below) that was also reported in nonavian dinosaur eggshell fossils (e.g., see Moreno-Azanza et al, 2013, Figures 1, 3 for cases of Trigonoolithus amoae and cf. Maiasaura eggshell) and extant gecko eggshells (Choi et al, 2018, Figures 4, 9).…”

Section: Polarized Light Microscopysupporting

confidence: 78%

Raman Spectroscopy Detects Amorphous Carbon in an Enigmatic Egg From the Upper Cretaceous Wido Volcanics of South Korea

et al. 2020

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Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in micropaleontology and organic geochemistry to identify carbonaceous materials and evaluate their thermal maturity in fossils or metasedimentary rocks. Meanwhile, fossil egg researches have mostly focused on biomineralized calcite, but preserved carbonaceous (or possibly organic) materials inside the eggshells have been usually neglected until recently. Here we report an enigmatic egg from the Wido Volcanics (Upper Cretaceous) of South Korea that was analyzed using diverse methods including polarized light microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron probe microanalyzer, electron backscatter diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The eggshell not only shows the crystallography of archosaurian eggshells but also contains peculiar dark bands, which were previously known as the trait of fossil and modern Crocodyliformes eggshells. Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that the dark bands are mainly due to amorphous carbon, as evidenced by the clear graphite (G) and disordered (D) bands. The deconvolution of amorphous carbon peaks and resultant parameters made it possible to infer the paleotemperature inscribed in the eggshell. The result suggests that preserved amorphous carbon in the fossil eggshells can be identified using Raman spectroscopy and Raman parameters may make it possible to compare the thermal maturity of spatiotemporally diverse fossil eggshells. The biogenicity of the dark band is not clear because Raman spectroscopic analysis is not sufficient to confirm biogenicity. However, overall distribution of the dark band may imply the biogenic origin. It is apparent that the material of this study is not a dinosaur egg but might belong to a crocodyliform or choristoderan egg, and even other non-dinosaur archosaur can be a candidate as well.

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Section: Polarized Light Microscopysupporting

confidence: 78%

Raman Spectroscopy Detects Amorphous Carbon in an Enigmatic Egg From the Upper Cretaceous Wido Volcanics of South Korea

et al. 2020

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“…In general, vertebrates utilize calcium phosphate as the building blocks of their internal skeleton whereas invertebrates use calcium carbonate for their shell construction (Cusack & Freer ; Cusack ; Athanasiadou et al . ). Biomineralization studies using EBSD have been mainly concentrated on invertebrates such as bivalves, brachiopods, corals and trilobites (Cusack , and references therein).…”

Section: The Ebsd Mapping Images Of Dinosaur Eggshell Available In Thmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of maniraptoran eggshells with important implications for microstructural and taphonomic interpretations

2019

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Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a useful tool for gathering crystallographic information from carbonate biominerals because it maps out the orientation of crystal grains very precisely. EBSD has become popular in invertebrate palaeontology but its application in vertebrate palaeontology remains limited. However, the study of fossil eggshells is a field where EBSD has wide potential applicability and provides a quantitative approach to fossil eggshell research as well as new qualitative data. Here we analyse fossil and extant maniraptoran dinosaur eggshells using EBSD analysis emphasizing four different aspects. The mapping imaging clarifies previously ambiguous characters such as squamatic ultrastructure and allows a more objective evaluation of avian and non-avian maniraptoran eggshell. In particular, our results imply that the presence of an external zone in the manirpatoran eggshell is not diagnostic of avian eggshell. EBSD analysis can be also used for differentiating true pore canals from cracks in the eggshell radial section, thereby determining the biological genuineness or otherwise of a pore-like structure. Finally, the misorientation angle distribution of the material shows a clear dichotomy that may reflect reproductive brooding strategy, although further studies on contact incubation of palaeognaths and neognaths are needed to confirm this.

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“…Although the CaO catalyst is obtained by calcining eggshells, which inevitably generates CO 2 , there is no net increase in CO 2 greenhouse gas (Figure S3, Supporting Information). Taking into account the entire carbon cycle, the CaCO 3 in the eggshell originated from the reaction of Ca ions and carbonates (CO 3 ) obtained from CO 2 in the air …”

Section: Study Of the Graphene Deposition Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Temperature Conversion of Alcohols into Bulky Nanoporous Graphene and Pure Hydrogen with Robust Selectivity on CaO

et al. 2019

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The direct conversion of biorenewable alcohols into value‐added graphene and pure hydrogen (H2) at benign conditions is an important challenge, especially, considering the open carbon‐reduced cycle. In this study, it is demonstrated that inexpensive calcium oxide (CaO, from eggshells) can transform alcohols into bulky nanoporous graphene and pure hydrogen (≈99%) with robust selectivity at the temperature as low as 500 °C. Consequently, the growth of graphene can follow the direction of alcohol flow and uniformly penetrate into bulky nanoporous CaO platelets longer than 1 m without clogging. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that alcohol molecules can be catalytically carbonized on the surface of CaO at low temperature. The concept of the comprehensive utilization of biomass‐derived alcohols offers a carbon‐negative cycle for mitigating global warming and the energy demand.

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Nanostructure, osteopontin, and mechanical properties of calcitic avian eggshell

Abstract: The biomineral phase of avian eggshell is characterized at the nanostructure scale and correlated with functional properties.

Cited by 87 publications

References 61 publications

Raman Spectroscopy Detects Amorphous Carbon in an Enigmatic Egg From the Upper Cretaceous Wido Volcanics of South Korea

Raman Spectroscopy Detects Amorphous Carbon in an Enigmatic Egg From the Upper Cretaceous Wido Volcanics of South Korea

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of maniraptoran eggshells with important implications for microstructural and taphonomic interpretations

Low‐Temperature Conversion of Alcohols into Bulky Nanoporous Graphene and Pure Hydrogen with Robust Selectivity on CaO

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