Nanostructure of Gasification Charcoal (Biochar)

Martin, Jacob W.; Nyadong, Leonard; Ducati, Caterina; Manley‐Harris, Merilyn; Marshall, Alan G.; Kraft, Markus

doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b06861

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(157 reference statements)

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“…No clear lattice fringes are seen for BC450, indicating that BC shows little graphite-like structures at low PT. Noticeably, the structural arrangement observed for BC1050 shows high similarities with HR-TEM observations of activated carbon, , gasification charcoal, and wood-derived biochar, but the observed crystallinities are still far lower than what is observed for graphite.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Bone Char Mediated Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene by Green Rust

Tobler

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Biochars function as electron transfer mediators and thus catalyze redox transformations of environmental pollutants. A previous study has shown that bone char (BC) has high catalytic activity for reduction of chlorinated ethylenes using layered Fe(II)–Fe(III) hydroxide (green rust) as reductant. In the present study, we studied the rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) reduction by green rust in the presence of BCs obtained at pyrolysis temperatures (PTs) from 450 to 1050 °C. The reactivity increased with PT, yielding a maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant (k) of 2.0 h–1 in the presence of BC pyrolyzed at 950 °C, while no reaction was seen for BC pyrolyzed at 450 °C. TCE sorption, specific surface area, extent of graphitization, carbon content, and aromaticity of the BCs also increased with PT. The electron-accepting capacity (EAC) of BC peaked at PT of 850 °C, and EAC was linearly correlated with the sum of concentrations of quinoid, quaternary N, and pyridine-N-oxide groups measured by XPS. Moreover, no TCE reduction was seen with graphene nanoparticles and graphitized carbon black, which have high degrees of graphitization but low EAC values. Further analyses showed that TCE reduction rates are well correlated with the EAC and the C/H ratio (proxy of electrical conductivity) of the BCs, strongly indicating that both electron-accepting functional groups and electron-conducting domains are crucial for the BC catalytic reactivity. The present study delineates conditions for designing redox-reactive biochars to be used for remediation of sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Bone Char Mediated Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene by Green Rust

Tobler

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…To date, the structural characterization of Sichar has mainly been determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 51 The FTIR spectra of Sichar (such as rice hullderived biochar) and non-Sichar (such as pine wood sawdustderived biochar) are shown in Figure 3a and b. For Sichar, the bands at 1092, 782, and 471 cm −1 were assigned to the Si−O− Si groups.…”

Section: Characterization Of Biochar (Sichar)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Effects of Silicon within Biochar (Sichar) and Carbon–Silicon Coupling Mechanisms: A Critical Review

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

102

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Biochar is increasingly gaining attention for its potential environmental benefits. In addition to carbon (C), silicon (Si) is a major elemental component in biochar with abundant precursor sources and remarkable properties. Due to the abundance and utilization of silicon-rich biochar (Sichar), as well as the significant function of Si in agricultural production and environmental remediation, it is indispensable to understand the environmental effects of Si within Sichar. Therefore, this review focused on carbon–silicon coupling in Sichar and summarized the advanced studies on Si within Sichar regarding characterization, soil improvement, pollution remediation, and C–Si coupling interactions. After an understanding of Si content, morphology, species and releasing behaviors, the environmental effects on soil Si balance, the plant uptake of Si, and remediation potentials of inorganic pollutants (Al, As, Cd, and Cr) were summarized. The C–Si coupling interactions were highlighted in the processes of Sichar preparation, pollution remediation, and soil C sequestration. The coupling relationship of C and Si from biomass under natural, pyrolysis and geological processes for the biogeochemical cycling of C and Si can obtain four “F” benefits of farm, food, fuel, and finance. To better understand the environmental effects and maximize the benefits of the designed utilization of Sichar, more investigations are required with an extension to microbes and more interactions with different ions via quantitative modeling.

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“…Since then, many studies have been conducted to investigate the adsorption performance, adsorption mechanism and influencing factors of biochar as adsorbent to remove a wide range of pollutants, such as heavy metals (Cao et al 2009;Vithanage et al 2017;Wang et al 2015c;Wu et al 2018;Zhu et al 2017a), radioactive elements (Chen et al 2019b;Pang et al 2019), nitrogen and phosphorus (Chen et al 2011;Inyang et al 2015), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Huang et al 2019;Sun et al 2011), dyes (Qiu et al 2009), pesticides (Tang et al 2016), phthalic acid esters (Lu and Chen 2020;Zhang et al 2016), and pharmaceuticals (Frohlich et al 2019). Generally, the physical and chemical properties of biochar are largely affected by feedstock, carbonization methods (i.e., slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, flash pyrolysis, pyrolytic gasification, hydrothermal treatment, and microwave carbonization), and pyrolysis parameters (i.e., temperature, holding time, and heating rate) (Cheah et al 2014;Chen et al 2015;Chu et al 2017;Lee et al 2010;Martin et al 2019;Uchimiya et al 2015;Wen et al 2017;Xiao et al 2014;Xu and Chen 2013). The application of biochar is highly related to its structure and properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of biochar-based materials in environmental remediation: from multi-level structures to specific devices

Wang

et al. 2020

Biochar

136

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The development of biochar has triggered a hot-spot in various research fields including agriculture, energy, environment, and materials. Biochar-based materials provide a novel approach against environmental challenging issues. Considering the rapid development of biochar materials, this review serves as a valuable platform to summarize the recent progress on the theoretical investigation and engineering applications of biochar materials in environmental remediation. For a better understanding of the structure-application relationships, the structural properties of biochar from macroscopic and microscopic aspects are summarized. The multilevel structures including elements, phases, surface chemistry, and molecular are highlighted to elucidate the multi-functional properties of biochars. Sorption, catalysis, redox reaction, and biological activity of biochar are briefly illustrated, which influence the transport, transformation, and removal of organic and inorganic pollutants in the environments. According to the multi-level structures and structure-application relationships of biochar, specific biocharbased materials and devices have been designed for practical environmental application. The important progress on the functionalization and device of biochar-based materials, including magnetic biochars, 2D and 3D biochar-based macrostructures, immobilized microorganism on biochar, and biochar-amended biofilters are highlighted. The environmental friendliness and sustainability of biochar-based materials, considering the whole cycle from synthesis to application, are evaluated.

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Nanostructure of Gasification Charcoal (Biochar)

Cited by 24 publications

References 57 publications

Bone Char Mediated Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene by Green Rust

Bone Char Mediated Dechlorination of Trichloroethylene by Green Rust

Environmental Effects of Silicon within Biochar (Sichar) and Carbon–Silicon Coupling Mechanisms: A Critical Review

Application of biochar-based materials in environmental remediation: from multi-level structures to specific devices

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