Nanostructure Materials: Efficient Strategies for Circulating Tumor Cells Capture, Release, and Detection

Graphene family in cancer therapy: recent progress in cancer gene/drug delivery applications

“…They are basically made from graphene sheets that go through chemical reactions. 12 Today, graphene derivatives are tackling the most serious shortcomings of present diagnostic 13 and therapeutic techniques 14 such as tissue engineering, 15,16 bioimaging, 17,18 gene/drug delivery, 19 biosensing, 17,[20][21][22] wound dressing, 23 and anti-bacterial substances, 24 and thus promoting them. Graphene derivatives have wonderful physio-chemical and electrical properties such as ease of functionalization, the ability to couple with various molecules such as drugs and nucleic acid sequences, high surface area, biocompatibility, low toxicity, electrospun mediated synthesis of various materials, and direct-targeted delivery.…”

The detection of the captured circulating tumor cells on the core‐shell nanofibrous membrane using hyaluronic acid‐functionalized graphene quantum dots

“…Nanofibers play a unique role in this field due to their special properties, including high surface‐to‐volume ratio, uniform morphology, and excellent adsorption surface 19 . In addition to nanofibers' functions, biocompatible nanoparticles, potentially loading many functional agents on themselves, have been used in various medical sciences 20,21 . The small size and high efficiency of these materials lead to their usage in biosensors, 20 drug delivery systems, 22 bioimaging, 23 and so forth.…”

“…19 In addition to nanofibers' functions, biocompatible nanoparticles, potentially loading many functional agents on themselves, have been used in various medical sciences. 20,21 The small size and high efficiency of these materials lead to their usage in biosensors, 20 drug delivery systems, 22 bioimaging, 23 and so forth.…”

Versatile Dynamic Bioactive Lubricant-Infused Surface for Effective Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells

“…4−7 However, the rarity of CTCs (only 1−10 CTCs in 10 mL of blood) and the complexity of blood components present major challenges for the efficient isolation of CTCs in blood. 8,9 Over the past decade, various strategies have been developed to improve the efficiency of isolating CTCs from patient blood samples, which involve different mechanistic insights, mainly including affinity-based stragtegies, 10,11 physical property-based strategies, 12,13 and micro/nanofluidics strategies of single-cell profiling. 14,15 In comparison, physical property-based isolation has less sensitivity, purity, and specificity due to the similar physical properties of CTCs to some leukocytes.…”

“…Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are shed from the primary tumor and spread through the bloodstream to different tissues in the body, lead to the metastasis and spread of cancer. − Compared to traditional biopsy assessments performed on tumor tissue obtained from surgery mostly, “liquid biopsy” of tumors in the peripheral blood of patients has been recognized as a potentially effective means of early cancer diagnosis and screening based on the analysis of biomarkers (i.e., CTCs, cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs)) in the body fluids, in recent years. − However, the rarity of CTCs (only 1–10 CTCs in 10 mL of blood) and the complexity of blood components present major challenges for the efficient isolation of CTCs in blood. , Over the past decade, various strategies have been developed to improve the efficiency of isolating CTCs from patient blood samples, which involve different mechanistic insights, mainly including affinity-based stragtegies, , physical property-based strategies, , and micro/nanofluidics strategies of single-cell profiling. , In comparison, physical property-based isolation has less sensitivity, purity, and specificity due to the similar physical properties of CTCs to some leukocytes. Specific molecular recognition between receptors and ligands plays a huge role in cell capture .…”