Nanosized Phase‐Changeable “Sonocyte” for Promoting Ultrasound Assessment

Abstract

Despite the ability of microbubble contrast agents to improve ultrasound diagnostic performance, their application potential is limited due to low stability, fast clearance, and poor tissue permeation. This study presents a promising nanosized phase‐changeable erythrocyte (Sonocyte), composed of liposomal dodecafluoropentane coated with multilayered red blood cell membranes (RBCm), for improving ultrasound assessments. Sonocyte is the first RBCm‐functionalized ultrasound contrast agent with uniform nanosized morphology, and exhibits good stability, systemic circulation, target‐tissue accumulation, and even ultrasound‐responsive phase transition, thereby satisfying the inherent requirement of ultrasound imaging. It is identified that Sonocyte displays similar sensitivity as microbubble SonoVue, a clinical ultrasound contrast agent, for effectively detecting normal parenchyma and hepatic necrosis. Importantly, compared with SonoVue lacking of ability to detect tumors, Sonocyte can identify tumors with high sensitivity and specificity due to superior tumor accumulation and penetration. Therefore, Sonocyte exhibits superior capabilities over SonoVue, endowing with a great clinical application potential.

High-Performance Dual Combination Therapy for Cancer Treatment with Hybrid Membrane-Camouflaged Mesoporous Silica Gold Nanorods

“…The cell membrane-engineered nanoparticles were endowed with multifunctional and complicated cell-like functions, which is still difficult to be replicated with a synthetic process at present. The features enabled to prolong systemic circulation by avoiding the capture of the immune system and enhance specific binding by homotypic or heterotypic adhesion properties. , The membranes derived from red blood cell (RBC) membrane, leukocyte, platelets, and cancer cells; ameliorated surface properties significantly; and showed long circulation lifetime, immune-evading capability, and target to the inflamed tissues or tumors . The above functionalities of nanoparticles induced by cell membrane coating have been recognized to partially attribute to the inherited proteins and from cell membranes such as cell surface markers CD47, CD59, and CD45 and adhesion molecules. ,, Inspired by the novel nanoplatform fabricated by coating fused cell membranes derived from erythrocytes and platelets, which preserved properties from both cell types, we considered that the use of hybrid membranes derived from erythrocytes and cancer cells endowed the chemotherapeutics-loaded nanoparticles with the properties of both long circulation lifetime and homotypic targeting.…”

“…The features enabled to prolong systemic circulation by avoiding the capture of the immune system and enhance specific binding by homotypic or heterotypic adhesion properties. 11,12 The membranes derived from red blood cell (RBC) membrane, 13 leukocyte, 14 platelets, 15 and cancer cells; 16 and target to the inflamed tissues or tumors. 17 The above functionalities of nanoparticles induced by cell membrane coating have been recognized to partially attribute to the inherited proteins and from cell membranes such as cell surface markers CD47, CD59, and CD45 and adhesion molecules.…”

“…17 The above functionalities of nanoparticles induced by cell membrane coating have been recognized to partially attribute to the inherited proteins and from cell membranes such as cell surface markers CD47, CD59, and CD45 and adhesion molecules. 13,14,18 Inspired by the novel nanoplatform fabricated by coating fused cell membranes derived from erythrocytes and platelets, which preserved properties from both cell types, 19 we considered that the use of hybrid membranes derived from erythrocytes and cancer cells endowed the chemotherapeuticsloaded nanoparticles with the properties of both long circulation lifetime and homotypic targeting. To the best of our knowledge, the concept of dual combination therapy based on the hybrid membranes, mesoporous silica-modified gold nanorods, and chemotherapeutics has not been reported yet.…”

Ultrasound-Responsive Systems as Components for Smart Materials

“…While the nano liquid droplets provide transport stability in a small-scale carrier, the expansion process can be used for mechanical agitation and stronger ultrasonic contrast. These characteristics benefit diagnostic and therapeutic uses such as ultrasound imaging, − drug delivery, − BBB opening, and sonothrombolysis. ,, …”

Oxygen-Enriched Osteoinductive Nanoerythrocytes Augment Cell Survival and Osteogenic Differentiation for Bone Regeneration

“…Various types of cell membrane-decorated nanoparticles have been introduced with distinctive properties of each cell type that can be applied leverage in biomedical applications. − Recently, PFC formulations engineered by RBCs as a carrier have been determined to supply oxygen for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock and cancer. ,, RBCs, mainly the membrane of RBCs (RBCM), have been investigated as a biomimetic drug delivery carrier because of their high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. , However, there is still a need to develop advanced systems, enhancing proper biological functionality such as osteoinductivity for applications in bone tissue engineering.…”