Nanosims Opens a New Window for Deciphering Organic Matter in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Samples

Oehler, Dorothy Z.; Robert, François; Mostefaoui, S.; Meibom, A.; Selo, M.; McKay, D. S.; Gibson, E. K.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8837-7_1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…4G). Non-fossilized organic component of the primordial rostrum is indicated with the detected nitrogen ( Table 2) that is a reliable marker of nonfossilized organic material (Oehler et al 2008). Among the diagenetic features suggesting the originally organic-rich composition of the primordial rostrum are caverns observed within this shell structure in the Middle Jurassic Hibolithes D enys de Montfort 1808; (Bandel et al 1984) and Passaloteuthis (Doguzhaeva et al 2003).…”

Section: Protoconch Size In Belemnoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites, and its significance for belemnite expansion and diversification in the Jurassic

Doguzhaeva

Weis

Delsate

et al. 2014

LET

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N. 2014: Embryonic shell structure of Early-Middle Jurassic belemnites, and its significance for belemnite expansion and diversification in the Jurassic. Lethaia, Vol. 47, Early Jurassic belemnites are of particular interest to the study of the evolution of skeletal morphology in Lower Carboniferous to the uppermost Cretaceous belemnoids, because they signal the beginning of a global Jurassic-Cretaceous expansion and diversification of belemnitids. We investigated potentially relevant, to this evolutionary pattern, shell features of Sinemurian-Bajocian Nannobelus, Parapassaloteuthis, Holcobelus and Pachybelemnopsis from the Paris Basin. Our analysis of morphological, ultrastructural and chemical traits of the earliest ontogenetic stages of the shell suggests that modified embryonic shell structure of Early-Middle Jurassic belemnites was a factor in their expansion and colonization of the pelagic zone and resulted in remarkable diversification of belemnites. Innovative traits of the embryonic shell of SinemurianBajocian belemnites include: (1) an inorganic-organic primordial rostrum encapsulating the protoconch and the phragmocone, its non-biomineralized component, possibly chitin, is herein detected for the first time; (2) an organic rich closing membrane which was under formation. It was yet perforated and possessed a foramen; and (3) an organic rich pro-ostracum earlier documented in an embryonic shell of Pliensbachian Passaloteuthis. The inorganic-organic primordial rostrum tightly coating the protoconch and phragmocone supposedly enhanced protection, without increase in shell weight, of the Early Jurassic belemnites against explosion in deepwater environment. This may have increased the depth and temperature ranges of hatching eggs, accelerated the adaptation of hatchlings to a nektonic mode of life and promoted increasing diversity of belemnoids. This study supports the hypothesis that belemnite hatchlings were 'a miniature of the adults'. □ Belemnites, embryonic shell, expansion, inorganic-organic shell matter, Jurassic.

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Section: Protoconch Size In Belemnoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites, and its significance for belemnite expansion and diversification in the Jurassic

Doguzhaeva

Weis

Delsate

et al. 2014

LET

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“…Thus, the organic-rich composition of the microlaminated shell wall of A . nordenskjoeldi is evidenced by the variable content of calcium and high content of nitrogen (up to 8%), which is a reliable indicator of non-fossilized organic material [ 57 ]. Copper, zinc and lead in the shell-wall similarly suggest that it originally contained an amount of organic material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the characters revealed in A . nordenskjoeldi (see above), the traits known in Spirula ( Fig 7A ; [ 13 , 27 ]), Sepia (Figs 7B , 8 and 9 ); [ 13 , 21 – 23 ]) and extinct coleoids [ 6 , 9 , 13 , 21 – 25 , 55 – 60 ] are: inorganic-organic shell wall material ( Table 1 ); shell wall lacking nacreous layer (Figs 2A–2C and 3 ; S8A and S8B Fig ), septa without columnar nacre (Figs 4A–4C , 5A and 5B ; S3 , S6A and S6B Figs) and with relatively high content of nitrogen, which is a reliable indicator of non-fossilized organic substance [ 21 , 23 , 57 ]. In contrast, the nautilid Euciphoceras ( S5 , S10 and S11 Figs) lacks the listed characteristics above.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eocene orthocone from Antarctica shows convergent evolution of internally shelled cephalopods

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe Subclass Coleoidea (Class Cephalopoda) accommodates the diverse present-day internally shelled cephalopod mollusks (Spirula, Sepia and octopuses, squids, Vampyroteuthis) and also extinct internally shelled cephalopods. Recent Spirula represents a unique coleoid retaining shell structures, a narrow marginal siphuncle and globular protoconch that signify the ancestry of the subclass Coleoidea from the Paleozoic subclass Bactritoidea. This hypothesis has been recently supported by newly recorded diverse bactritoid-like coleoids from the Carboniferous of the USA, but prior to this study no fossil cephalopod indicative of an endochochleate branch with an origin independent from subclass Bactritoidea has been reported.Methodology/Principal findingsTwo orthoconic conchs were recovered from the Early Eocene of Seymour Island at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. They have loosely mineralized organic-rich chitin-compatible microlaminated shell walls and broadly expanded central siphuncles. The morphological, ultrustructural and chemical data were determined and characterized through comparisons with extant and extinct taxa using Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM/EDS).Conclusions/SignificanceOur study presents the first evidence for an evolutionary lineage of internally shelled cephalopods with independent origin from Bactritoidea/Coleoidea, indicating convergent evolution with the subclass Coleoidea. A new subclass Paracoleoidea Doguzhaeva n. subcl. is established for accommodation of orthoconic cephalopods with the internal shell associated with a broadly expanded central siphuncle. Antarcticerida Doguzhaeva n. ord., Antarcticeratidae Doguzhaeva n. fam., Antarcticeras nordenskjoeldi Doguzhaeva n. gen., n. sp. are described within the subclass Paracoleoidea. The analysis of organic-rich shell preservation of A. nordenskjoeldi by use of SEM/EDS techniques revealed fossilization of hyposeptal cameral soft tissues. This suggests that a depositional environment favoring soft-tissue preservation was the factor enabling conservation of the weakly mineralized shell of A. nordenskjoeldi.

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“…Recent efforts in the study of ancient life signatures are focused on the distinctions among true fossil remains and abiotic structures that can potentially be formed during hydrothermal processes. This is one of the most interesting topics in the study and characterization of life (Oehler et al, 2008). The application of techniques such as Raman spectroscopy has made possible the identification of biosignatures in extreme environments.…”

Section: Eoarchean and Paleoarchean Signatures Of Life: Sedimentary Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Archean (3800 -2500 Ma) fossil record is very poorly preserved in comparison with the Proterozoic (2500 -540 Ma) (Brasier et al, 2005), and it is very difficult to separate the biotical simple forms and the abiotical complex structures of this eon (Oehler et al, 2008).…”

Section: Paleoarchean (3600 -3200 Ma) Microfossil Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of life from a paleontological perspective, a review

Gómez-Espinosa

Colín-García

Negrón‐Mendoza

2015

BSGM

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Although the origin of life cannot be dated with precision, life must have appeared soon after the cooling of the Earth, when the existence of liquid water on the planet enabled primitive oceans to exist. In fact, fossil records support the evidence of life on Earth earlier than 3400 Ma ago. In order to understand the origin of life, it is useful to track geochemical factors such as the presence of carbon and isotopic evidence, which also suggests the presence of microbials. Eoarchean crustal rocks are located on Akilia Island and on the Isua Greenstone belt southwest of Greenland. The oldest recognized microfossil record is 3430 Ma old from Strelley Pool Formation cherts, Pilbara, Australia. In Paleontology, it is necessary to reevaluate the outcrops of the oldest rock in light of new technologies, new techniques, and a multidisciplinary approach. This will help support data about when life emerged. ResumenAunque no puede decirse con precisión cuando se originó la vida en el planeta hay evidencia de que ocurrió poco después de que la Tierra se enfrió, cuando las temperaturas permitieron la existencia de agua líquida y el desarrollo de la hidrosfera primitiva. El registro fósil aporta datos de que la vida existió mucho antes de los 3400 Ma. Para entender el origen de la vida se ha recurrido al estudio de trazas geoquímicas analizando la presencia de carbono orgánico y a la evidencia isotópica que sugieren actividad microbiana. La corteza litosférica más antigua, que data del Eoarqueano, se encuentra en la isla de Akilia y en el cinturón Isua Greenstone al suroeste de Groenlandia, pero el microfósil más antiguo proviene de pedernal de la Formación Strelley Pool en Pilbara, Australia, con una edad de 3430 Ma. En el campo de la Paleontología es necesario reevaluar los afloramientos del Eoarqueano y Paleoarqueano utilizando las nuevas tecnologías desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria para aportar datos respecto a cuando ocurrió el origen de la vida.

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Nanosims Opens a New Window for Deciphering Organic Matter in Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Samples

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites, and its significance for belemnite expansion and diversification in the Jurassic

Embryonic shell structure of Early–Middle Jurassic belemnites, and its significance for belemnite expansion and diversification in the Jurassic

An Eocene orthocone from Antarctica shows convergent evolution of internally shelled cephalopods

The origin of life from a paleontological perspective, a review

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