Abstract:Present study was performed in order to update the possible mechanism(s), involving in nanosilver particles (NSPs)-induced detrimental impacts in ovarian tissue. For this purpose, 24 mature female rats were divided into control and 0.5, 1, 5 mg/kg NSPs-received groups (intraperitoneally, for 35 days). Follicular growth and atresia, ovarian total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents, serum estrogen (E ) level and macrophages infiltration were investigated. Moreo… Show more
“…The detected alterations in such hormonal levels are indicative for an abnormal reproductive axis function. These findings are in line with some previous reported data obtained with other kinds of NMs, that is, Ni-, 17 TiO 2 -, 16 Ag-, 20 and NP-rich diesel exhaust, 15 while are in conflict with other investigations which demonstrated opposite hormonal response trend 13,19 or failed to detect significant changes in sex hormone levels after NM exposure. 14,18 These different results may be due to the features of NMs used in the studies.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 88%
“…This is one of the most important reproductive endpoints that have already been investigated by several in vivo studies using different types of NMs (Table 1). [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Indeed, the knowledge gained from the assessment of hormonal changes serves as a foundation for investigations focused on evaluating NMs as potential endocrine-disrupting toxicants. 12…”
The widespread industrial application of nanomaterials (NMs) has dramatically increased the likelihood of environmental and occupational exposure of humans to such xenobiotics. This issue, together with the increasing public health interest in understanding the effects of chemicals on endocrine system, encouraged to investigate the disruptive potential of NMs on the endocrine function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on the female reproductive system of Wistar rats, intravenously exposed to different doses (0.12, 1.2, and 12 ”g/kg), through the assessment of possible quantitative changes in the serum concentrations of several sex hormones. Our results demonstrated that the highest exposure doses significantly reduced the estradiol and testosterone concentrations, while increased the luteinizing hormone levels in treated animals compared to controls. Such alterations are indicative for an abnormal reproductive axis function. However, further investigations are needed to clarify the role of the different NP physicochemical properties in determining such effects, and possible underlining molecular mechanisms, as well as their relevance for the development of diseases in the female reproductive system. Overall, this may be helpful to define accurate risk assessment and management strategies to protect the health of the general and occupational populations exposed to Pd-NPs.
“…The detected alterations in such hormonal levels are indicative for an abnormal reproductive axis function. These findings are in line with some previous reported data obtained with other kinds of NMs, that is, Ni-, 17 TiO 2 -, 16 Ag-, 20 and NP-rich diesel exhaust, 15 while are in conflict with other investigations which demonstrated opposite hormonal response trend 13,19 or failed to detect significant changes in sex hormone levels after NM exposure. 14,18 These different results may be due to the features of NMs used in the studies.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 88%
“…This is one of the most important reproductive endpoints that have already been investigated by several in vivo studies using different types of NMs (Table 1). [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Indeed, the knowledge gained from the assessment of hormonal changes serves as a foundation for investigations focused on evaluating NMs as potential endocrine-disrupting toxicants. 12…”
The widespread industrial application of nanomaterials (NMs) has dramatically increased the likelihood of environmental and occupational exposure of humans to such xenobiotics. This issue, together with the increasing public health interest in understanding the effects of chemicals on endocrine system, encouraged to investigate the disruptive potential of NMs on the endocrine function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on the female reproductive system of Wistar rats, intravenously exposed to different doses (0.12, 1.2, and 12 ”g/kg), through the assessment of possible quantitative changes in the serum concentrations of several sex hormones. Our results demonstrated that the highest exposure doses significantly reduced the estradiol and testosterone concentrations, while increased the luteinizing hormone levels in treated animals compared to controls. Such alterations are indicative for an abnormal reproductive axis function. However, further investigations are needed to clarify the role of the different NP physicochemical properties in determining such effects, and possible underlining molecular mechanisms, as well as their relevance for the development of diseases in the female reproductive system. Overall, this may be helpful to define accurate risk assessment and management strategies to protect the health of the general and occupational populations exposed to Pd-NPs.
“…This inhibition did not permanently affect the cells since cell proliferation increased again after the removal of the nanosilver [ 148 ]. Female Wistar rats treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 50â60 nm nanosilver resulted in decreased angiogenesis in the ovarian tissue visualized via immunofluorescence [ 149 ]. In a wound healing study using NHDF cells and NHEK cells, decreased production of VEGF was seen for both low and high treatment concentrations of 10 nm nanosilver, indicating decreased angiogenesis, with a greater inhibition of VEGF production seen in NHEK cells [ 90 ].…”
Nanosilver plays an important role in nanoscience and nanotechnology, and is becoming increasingly used for applications in nanomedicine. Nanosilver ranges from 1 to 100 nanometers in diameter. Smaller particles more readily enter cells and interact with the cellular components. The exposure dose, particle size, coating, and aggregation state of the nanosilver, as well as the cell type or organism on which it is tested, are all large determining factors on the effect and potential toxicity of nanosilver. A high exposure dose to nanosilver alters the cellular stress responses and initiates cascades of signalling that can eventually trigger organelle autophagy and apoptosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effects of nanosilver on cellular metabolic function and response to stress. Both the causative effects of nanosilver on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and hypoxic stressâas well as the effects of nanosilver on the responses to such stressesâare outlined. The interactions and effects of nanosilver on cellular uptake, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species), inflammation, hypoxic response, mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function and the unfolded protein response, autophagy and apoptosis, angiogenesis, epigenetics, genotoxicity, and cancer development and tumorigenesisâas well as other pathway alterationsâare examined in this review.
“…Previous studies have shown the presence of macrophages in any phase of follicular development (Katabuchi et al ., 1996; Wu et al ., 2004). In atretic follicles, GCs in apoptosis might stimulate a recruitment of macrophages as reported in atretic follicles induced by nanosilver particles (Mirzaei et al ., 2017). Figure 3Apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) of atretic follicles from rat ovaries after eCG stimulation observed in ovarian sections stained by H&E ( A , B ) and immune labelling for cleaved caspase-3 by avidinâbiotinâperoxidase method ( C , D ).…”
SummaryPrevious studies have established a model of atresia in preovulatory follicles after stimulation of immature rats with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). This gonadotropin recruits a follicular pool and the deprivation of preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge induces the atresia in preovulatory follicles. The present study investigated the occurrence of ovulation and provided some morphological features of granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis of atretic follicles at 0, 48, 72 and 120 h after eCG stimulation. Histological sections of ovaries from untreated animals (0 h) showed primordial, primary, secondary and early antral follicles. After 48 h ovaries showed large antral follicles. Preovulatory follicles were observed at 72 h, and two out of five rats displayed cumulusâoocyte complexes (COCs) in the oviducts. All animals exhibited corpora lutea after 120 h. We observed increased estradiol (E2) levels 48 h after eCG treatment that might trigger an endogenous preovulatory gonadotropin surge. Higher progesterone (P4) level, which is the hallmark of a functional corpus luteum, was observed at 120 h. Atresia in secondary and antral follicles was observed by pyknotic granulosa cell nuclei in histology and positive immunolabelling for cleaved caspase 3. We also observed macrophages in secondary and antral follicles in atresia. Transmission electron microscopy revealed GCs with compacted chromatin against the nuclear envelope, nuclear fragmentation, cell shrinkage and fragmentation. No preovulatory follicles showed apoptosis of GCs. In conclusion, our results suggested the occurrence of an endogenous gonadotropin surge, promoting ovulation and preventing atresia of preovulatory follicles.
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