Nanoscratch testing for the assessment of enamel demineralization under conditions simulating wine erosion

Abstract

Background: Erosive tooth wear and dentinal hypersensitivity are common problems affecting professional wine tasters. By using nanoscratch testing, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess enamel softening under conditions simulating 10 one-minute episodes of wine erosion. Methods: Ten enamel specimens were bathed in artificial saliva for 2 hours before being eroded for 10 episodes, with each episode comprising one minute of wine erosion followed by one minute of remineralization in artificial saliva. Nanoscratches were placed with a spherical tip (20 lm radius) in a nanoindenter under a load of 100 mN at baseline (stage 1), after a one-erosion episode (stage 2) and after 10-erosion episodes (stage 3). Results: There were significant effects of erosion stages on both scratch depth (p < 0.001) and surface roughness (p < 0.001). Post hoc tests showed significant differences in both scratch depths and surface roughness between stages 1 and 3 (p < 0.001), and between stages 2 and 3 (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Enamel softening occurs at an early stage of wine tasting, emphasizing the need to implement early preventive strategies in professional wine tasters. Further research elucidating the fundamental mechanisms involved in early stages of erosion has the potential to lead to development of more effective preventive strategies.

Three-dimensional profilometric assessment of early enamel erosion simulating gastric regurgitation

“…Future studies are needed to complement the data on profilometric changes from early erosion with changes in physical and chemical changes of the tooth structures using established and evolving techniques [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] in order to provide an holistic assessment of early erosion process. Such an approach will enable quantitative data to be gathered on enamel softening, together with qualitative observations of increased porosity in partially lost and demineralized hydroxyapatite crystals (as displayed in stages 2, 3 and 4 in Fig.…”

Factors associated with dentine hypersensitivity severity in Colombian dental patients.

“…Up to 32% of the calcium in saliva can be complexed by citrate at concentrations common in fruit juices, thus reducing the super-saturation of saliva and increasing the driving force for dissolution with respect to tooth minerals 23 . On the other hand, Kwek et al 24 suggested enamel softening occurs at an early stage of wine testing in a study where enamel demineralization was evaluated under a simulation of wine erosion. Similarly, Santosh et al 25 demonstrated the potential of acute alcohol consumption with beverages such as whiskey, beer and wine to dissolve tooth surfaces and concluded the salivary pH decreased significantly when the subjects consumed these drinks.…”

Corrosion in Acidic Beverages and Recovery of Microhardness of Human Teeth Enamel

“…This effect is relatively fast, as shown by Lupi-Pegurier et al, who observed statistically significant decrease of surface microhardness of human teeth enamel already after 120 s exposure to red wine in-vitro [13]. A simulation of 10 one-minute episodes of wine tasting followed by scratch testing showed significant differences in both scratch depths and surface roughness due to enamel softening at an early stage of wine tasting [18]. Recent studied of enamel exposed to various organic acids by nanoindentation (such as citric acid at pH 3.2 and 5.5 and acetic acid at pH 5.5) revealed decreasing hardness and Young's modulus with exposure time, and crack generation along the hydroxyapatite rod boundaries due to the exposure of enamel to acidic environments [19].…”