Nanoscintillators for Microscopic Diagnostics of Biological and Medical Objects and Medical Therapy

Abstract

The main focus of this paper is the description of qualitatively new facilities for diagnostics of biological and medical objects and medical therapy obtained by applications of nanocrystalline scintillators. These facilities are based on abilities of nanoscintillators to selective conjugation with various biomolecular objects and noticeable variations of their atomic structures, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and light-emission characteristics induced by modifications of conditions on their external surfaces. Experimental results presented in this paper provide development of detection in vivo just inside a living organism of various viruses, cancer cells, and other pathological macromolecules by means of scanning X-ray diffractometry of nanoparticles introduced into the body. These data are produced by selective adsorption of pathological bioobjects by these nanoparticles and subsequent modifications of their XRD patterns. Application of narrow collimated X-ray beams and new types of X-ray detector matrices providing microscopic spatial resolution due to usage of nanoscintillators enables determination of the regions where these pathologies are localized with high accuracy. The procedure of detection of pathological organelles by this method improves possibilities for effective destruction of these pathologies by low-dose X-ray irradiation of the places of their localization. High effectiveness of this X-ray destruction is provided by concentrated absorption of X-ray quanta by the nanoscintillators and direct transfer of the absorbed energy to the pathological objects that are attached to the absorbing particles. Constructions of 3-D radiation detector matrices providing necessary microscopic spatial and angular resolutions of X-ray imaging are described on the basis of nanoscintillators, fiber light guides, and microcapillary matrices.

Gold nanoparticle conjugated Rad6 inhibitor induces cell death in triple negative breast cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and PARP-1 hyperactivation: Synthesis and characterization

“…Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are ideal drug delivery scaffolds because they are nontoxic and nonimmunogenic (13,14), and have good biocompatibility and stability (15). Surface modification allows GNPs to be readily functionalized with multiple agents including chemotherapy, oligonucleotides and proteins making them good delivery vehicles (16).…”

Nanostructured Materials and Shaped Solids for Essential Improvement of Energetic Effectiveness and Safety of Nuclear Reactors and Radioactive Wastes

“…Our studies of Xray excited luminescence of composites composed of inorganic polymer (polystyrene, etc. )bound nanoparticles showed that in this case most absorbed X-ray energy is not stored in the absorbing particle [21,[23][24][25][26]28]. Other authors confirm enhancement of the radiation hardness of the materials transforming ionization radiations when the dimensions of their grains become nanoscopic [29,30].…”

Non-Platinum Metal Complexes as Potential Anti-Triple Negative Breast Cancer Agents

“…However, both cisplatin chemotherapies and its analogs have been shown to have major drawbacks (i.e., intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance, high general toxicity and limited spectrum of activity) [26] which have motivated extensive investigations into alternative metal-based cancer therapies that effectively target both cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. In this sense, we can mention chemotherapy with gold compounds [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]-because they are nontoxic, nonimmunogenic and have good photothermal and optical properties, biocompatibility and stability [40,47,48]-and also with copper [49][50][51], ruthenium [16,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59], iron [56,[60][61][62][63][64][65], palladium [50], silver [66,…”