Nanoscale Vector Electric Field Imaging Using a Single Electron Spin

Barson, Michael S. J.; Oberg, Lachlan M.; McGuinness, Liam P.; Denisenko, Andrej; Manson, Neil B.; Wrachtrup, Jörg; Doherty, Marcus W.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00082

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…31,33,34 For studies of samples and devices external to the diamond, electric field sensing appears more challenging because of screening by the diamond surface, 81 although this remains an open research direction. 82,83 Measuring temperature alongside magnetic fields in a widefield NV microscope is also of potential interest for electronics applications, enabling the in situ monitoring of Joule heating while imaging the current density in an operating device. 19,20,68,69 However, a single-crystal diamond in contact with the device of interest thermalizes rapidly and acts as a heat sink, and so these applications are often tackled using a modified version of a widefield NV microscope whereby a layer of nanodiamonds that are thermally decoupled from each other is formed onto the electronic device.…”

Section: Applications Of Multimodal Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: strengths, limitations, and prospects

Scholten,

Healey,

Robertson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A dense layer of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers near the surface of a diamond can be interrogated in a widefield optical microscope to produce spatially resolved maps of local quantities such as magnetic field, electric field and lattice strain, providing potentially valuable information about a sample or device placed in proximity. Since the first experimental realization of such a widefield NV microscope in 2010, the technology has seen rapid development and demonstration of applications in various areas across condensed matter physics, geoscience and biology. This Perspective analyzes the strengths and shortcomings of widefield NV microscopy in order to identify the most promising applications and guide future development. We begin with a brief review of quantum sensing with ensembles of NV centers, and the experimental implementation of widefield NV microscopy. We then compare this technology to alternative microscopy techniques commonly employed to probe magnetic materials and charge flow distributions. Current limitations in spatial resolution, measurement accuracy, magnetic sensitivity, operating conditions and ease of use, are discussed. Finally, we identify the technological advances that solve the aforementioned limitations, and argue that their implementation would result in a practical, accessible, high-throughput widefield NV microscope.

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Section: Applications Of Multimodal Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: strengths, limitations, and prospects

Scholten,

Healey,

Robertson

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Its electron spin has a long coherence time even under ambient conditions. It is sensitive to a variety of signals, such as magnetic fields [10][11][12][13], electric fields [14][15][16][17][18][19][20], temperature [21][22][23][24] and pressure [25][26][27]. Integrating this atomic-sized versatile quantum sensor into a scanning probe microscope further allows mapping external signals with nanoscale resolution [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scanning NV magnetometry, as a well-established technique [28], has been utilized to image magnetic materials [6,[37][38][39], hydrodynamic current flows [7,8], skyrmion structures [40] and vortices in superconductors [41]. Recently, scanning NV electrometry has also been achieved, where fixed NVs in bulk diamonds are used to image electric fields from a conductive scanning tip [19,20]. However, NV electrometry has not yet been demonstrated in a diamond scanning tip, which is desired for imaging an arbitrary sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Electric Field Imaging with an Ambient Scanning Quantum Sensor Microscope

Qiu,

Hamo,

Vool

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising quantum sensor with remarkably versatile sensing capabilities. While scanning NV magnetometry is well-established, NV electrometry has been so far limited to bulk diamonds. Here we demonstrate imaging external alternating (AC) and direct (DC) electric fields with a single NV at the apex of a diamond scanning tip under ambient conditions. A strong electric field screening effect is observed at low frequencies due to charge noise on the surface. We quantitatively measure its frequency dependence, and overcome this screening by mechanically oscillating the tip for imaging DC fields. Our scanning NV electrometry achieved an AC E-field sensitivity of 26 mV/µm/ √ Hz, a DC E-field gradient sensitivity of 2 V/µm 2 / √ Hz, and sub-100 nm resolution limited by the NV-sample distance. Our work represents an important step toward building a scanning-probe-based multimodal quantum sensing platform.

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“…S14). Finally, although we demonstrate gradiometry on magnetic fields, the technique can be extended to electric fields by orienting the external bias magnetic field perpendicular to the NV axis [65][66][67].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning gradiometry with a single spin quantum magnetometer

Huxter,

Palm,

Davis

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Quantum sensors based on spin defects in diamond have recently enabled detailed imaging of nanoscale magnetic patterns, such as chiral spin textures, two-dimensional ferromagnets, or superconducting vortices, based on a measurement of the static magnetic stray field. Here, we demonstrate a gradiometry technique that significantly enhances the measurement sensitivity of such static fields, leading to new opportunities in the imaging of weakly magnetic systems. Our method relies on the mechanical oscillation of a single nitrogen-vacancy center at the tip of a scanning diamond probe, which up-converts the local spatial gradients into ac magnetic fields enabling the use of sensitive ac quantum protocols. We show that gradiometry provides important advantages over static field imaging: (i) an order-of-magnitude better sensitivity, (ii) a more localized and sharper image, and (iii) a strong suppression of field drifts. We demonstrate the capabilities of gradiometry by imaging the nanotesla fields appearing above topographic defects and atomic steps in an antiferromagnet, direct currents in a graphene device, and para-and diamagnetic metals.

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Nanoscale Vector Electric Field Imaging Using a Single Electron Spin

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: strengths, limitations, and prospects

Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: strengths, limitations, and prospects

Nanoscale Electric Field Imaging with an Ambient Scanning Quantum Sensor Microscope

Scanning gradiometry with a single spin quantum magnetometer

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