Nanoscale Resolution in the Focal Plane of an Optical Microscope

Westphal, Volker; Hell, Stefan W.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.143903

Cited by 453 publications

(350 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…We simply write the conversion rate as c&aI 2 (see details in Supplementary Information), where I is the power of laser. The simplest function to depict the detection pointspread-function and the doughnut conversion laser intensity is the standing wavefunction: 38,39 h det r ð Þ~Ccos 2 pr=v det ð Þ ð 4Þ…”

Section: Csd Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Subdiffraction optical manipulation of the charge state of nitrogen vacancy center in diamond

et al. 2015

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As a potential candidate for quantum computation and metrology, the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond presents both challenges and opportunities resulting from charge-state conversion. By utilizing different lasers for the photon-induced charge-state conversion, we achieved subdiffraction charge-state manipulation. The charge-state depletion (CSD) microscopy resolution was improved to 4.1 nm by optimizing the laser pulse sequences. Subsequently, the electron spin-state dynamics of adjacent NV centers were selectively detected via the CSD. The experimental results demonstrated that the CSD can improve the spatial resolution of the measurement of NV centers for nanoscale sensing and quantum information. Keywords: charge state; NV center; photon ionization; super-resolution microscopy INTRODUCTION Because of the stable fluorescence and long coherence time of its spin state, the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV 2 ) center in diamond has been studied extensively over the past decade. This defect has the potential to be used for quantum computation, 1-4 nanoscale metrology 5-8 and biological imaging. [9][10][11] To further extend the study of the interaction between a multi-NV center and the nanoscale sensing with the NV center, it is necessary to detect and control the NV center spin-state dynamics with high spatial resolution. 7,12-14 Therefore, many optical super-resolution microscopy techniques have been developed to detect single NV centers. [13][14][15][16][17] Among these methods, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy 12,18-20 is one of the most promising. This method utilizes a doughnut-shaped laser to produce the position-dependent stimulated emission, which changes the fluorescence signal. With STED, the electron spin resonance signals of NV centers have been detected with a resolution lower than the diffraction limit. 12,21,22 A new super-resolution microscopy technique was recently developed by Han et al. 15 The authors replaced the stimulated excitation of STED with the dark-state pumping of NV centers. The dark state was later proven to be the neutral charge NV center (NV 0 ) by other groups. [23][24][25] The charge-state conversion results in a change of the local field in diamond 26 and the spectral diffusion of the NV center. 24,27 For high-fidelity quantum manipulation, the charge state should be well controlled. 28 Based on the mechanism of charge-state conversion and super-resolution microscopy, 25,29,30 we demonstrated the optical manipulation of the charge state of an NV center with subdiffraction resolution. By changing the duration and power of laser

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Section: Csd Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Subdiffraction optical manipulation of the charge state of nitrogen vacancy center in diamond

et al. 2015

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“…The development of stimulated emission depletion (STED) fluorescence microscopy [1][2][3], that took place at the turn of this century, demonstrated that the limiting role of diffraction can be overcome and nanosized features discerned with freely propagating light and conventional lenses. The decisive difference between STED and the traditional microscopy approaches is that the traditional ones discern the tiny features in the sample by the phenomenon of focusing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A STED MICROSCOPE DESIGNED FOR ROUTINE BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS (Invited Paper)

Görlitz¹,

Hoyer²,

Falk³

et al. 2014

PIER

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“…Microscopy: The principles of STED microscopy have been described in detail elsewhere [6,[28][29][30]. In brief, as in conventional laser scanning microscopy, in STED microscopy fluorescent markers are typically excited by a focused laser, which is scanned across the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If a molecule gets excited it is instantly pushed back to the ground state by stimulated emission effected by the STED beam. With increasing intensity of the STED beam, the area wherein the fluorophores are not turned off shrinks in principle to the size of a molecule [28,31]. With the STED beam blocked, the microscope simply operates as a standard confocal laser scanning microscope.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing video‐rate STED nanoscopy and confocal microscopy of living neurons

Lauterbach

Keller

Schönle

et al. 2010

Journal of Biophotonics

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We compare the performance of video‐rate Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) and confocal microscopy in imaging the interior of living neurons. A lateral resolution of 65 nm is observed in STED movies of 28 frames per second, which is 4‐fold higher in spatial resolution than in their confocal counterparts. STED microscopy, but not confocal microscopy, allows discrimination of single features at high spatial densities. Specific patterns of movement within the confined space of the axon are revealed in STED microscopy, while confocal imaging is limited to reporting gross motion. Further progress is to be expected, as we demonstrate that the use of continuous wave (CW) beams for excitation and STED is viable for video‐rate STED recording of living neurons. Tentatively providing a larger photon flux, CW beams should facilitate extending fast STED imaging towards imaging fainter living samples. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Nanoscale Resolution in the Focal Plane of an Optical Microscope

Cited by 453 publications

References 13 publications

Subdiffraction optical manipulation of the charge state of nitrogen vacancy center in diamond

Subdiffraction optical manipulation of the charge state of nitrogen vacancy center in diamond

A STED MICROSCOPE DESIGNED FOR ROUTINE BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS (Invited Paper)

Comparing video‐rate STED nanoscopy and confocal microscopy of living neurons

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