Nanoscale Radiative Heat Flow due to Surface Plasmons in Graphene and Doped Silicon

Zwol, P. J. van; Thiele, Sebastian; Berger, Claire; Heer, Walter A. de; Chevrier, J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.264301

Cited by 94 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…After incorporating the random current j into Maxwell's equations, thermal radiation can be calculated by averaging the energy flux or the energy density of electromagnetic waves from the random currents. In addition, using stochastic electrodynamics to calculate the thermal radiation of graphene and other materials has been justified by previous experimental works [27,28]. To solve stochastic Maxwell's equations, rather than evaluating the contribution from each incoherent random dipole inside emitters, which is extremely computationally expensive, we apply the FSC formulation [17] and the WCE formulation [18] to evaluate the thermal radiation energy flux and the field profile of graphene.…”

Section: Appendix A: Thermal Radiation Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal plasmonic interconnects in graphene

Liu

Shen

2014

Phys. Rev. B

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As one emerging plasmonic material, graphene can support surface plasmons at infrared and terahertz frequencies with unprecedented properties due to the strong interactions between graphene and low-frequency photons. Since graphene surface plasmons exist in the infrared and terahertz regime, they can be thermally pumped (excited) by the infrared evanescent waves emitted from an object. Here we show that thermal graphene plasmons can be efficiently excited and have monochromatic and tunable spectra, thus paving a way to harness thermal energy for graphene plasmonic devices. We further demonstrate that "thermal information communication" via graphene surface plasmons can be potentially realized by effectively harnessing thermal energy from various heat sources, e.g., the waste heat dissipated from nanoelectronic devices. These findings open up an avenue of thermal plasmonics based on graphene for different applications ranging from infrared emission control, to information processing and communication, to energy harvesting.

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Section: Appendix A: Thermal Radiation Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal plasmonic interconnects in graphene

Liu

Shen

2014

Phys. Rev. B

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“…As the graphene sheet is heated up, these different infrared absorption pathways become thermal emission sources, with contributions that vary with the graphene carrier density and surface geometry. The graphene plasmons are particularly interesting as thermal emitters because their small mode volumes allow for extremely efficient thermal energy transfer in the near field 27,28 , and also lead to large Purcell factors that can enhance the emission rate of emitters within the plasmon mode volume 29 . These large Purcell factors suggest that electronic control of the graphene plasmonic modes could potentially control thermal radiation at timescales much faster than the spontaneous emission rate for conventional light emitting diodes and classical blackbody emission sources.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electronic modulation of infrared radiation in graphene plasmonic resonators

et al. 2015

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All matter at finite temperatures emits electromagnetic radiation due to the thermally induced motion of particles and quasiparticles. Dynamic control of this radiation could enable the design of novel infrared sources; however, the spectral characteristics of the radiated power are dictated by the electromagnetic energy density and emissivity, which are ordinarily fixed properties of the material and temperature. Here we experimentally demonstrate tunable electronic control of blackbody emission from graphene plasmonic resonators on a silicon nitride substrate. It is shown that the graphene resonators produce antenna-coupled blackbody radiation, which manifests as narrow spectral emission peaks in the mid-infrared. By continuously varying the nanoresonator carrier density, the frequency and intensity of these spectral features can be modulated via an electrostatic gate. This work opens the door for future devices that may control blackbody radiation at timescales beyond the limits of conventional thermo-optic modulation.

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“…It has been theoretically predicted that NFRHT can be controlled using nanoporous materials, 5 thin films, 6,7 and graphene sheets, [8][9][10][11] or by adjusting the material temperature, 12 surface roughness, 13 and metal-insulator transition. 14 In contrast to a large number of theoretical studies, there exist few experiments that demonstrate the tuning of NFRHT.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 Very recently, van Zwol et al measured NFRHT between a glass microsphere and two thin silicon films with different carrier concentrations, but detailed theoretical analysis was not provided, and the trend of NFRHT versus carrier concentration was still unclear as only two samples were measured. 11 In this letter, we provide a comprehensive analysis for tuning NFRHT through changing the carrier concentration of both p-type and n-type bulk silicon. To fully demonstrate the tunability of NFRHT using doped silicon and to verify our theoretical results, measurements of NFRHT are conducted towards multiple bulk silicon samples with different carrier concentrations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tuning near field radiation by doped silicon

Shi

Liu

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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In this letter, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that bulk silicon can be employed to overcome the challenge of tuning near field radiation. Theoretical calculation shows that the nanoscale radiation between bulk silicon and silicon dioxide can be tuned by changing the carrier concentration of silicon. Near field radiation measurements are carried out on multiple bulk silicon samples with different doping concentrations. The measured near field conductance agrees well with theoretical predictions, which demonstrates a tuning range from 2 nW/K to 6 nW/K at a gap of ∼60 nm.

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Nanoscale Radiative Heat Flow due to Surface Plasmons in Graphene and Doped Silicon

Cited by 94 publications

References 35 publications

Thermal plasmonic interconnects in graphene

Thermal plasmonic interconnects in graphene

Electronic modulation of infrared radiation in graphene plasmonic resonators

Tuning near field radiation by doped silicon

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