Nanoscale Functionalized Particles with Rotation-Controlled Capture in Shear Flow

Abstract

Important processes in nature and technology involve the adhesive capture of flowing particles or cells on the walls of a conduit. This paper introduces engineered spherical microparticles whose capture rates are limited by their near surface motions in flow. Specifically, these microparticles are sparsely functionalized with nanoscopic regions (“patches”) of adhesive functionality, without which they would be nonadhesive. Not only is particle capture on the wall of a shearchamber limited by surface chemistry as opposed to transport, but also the capture rates depend specifically on particle rotations that result from the vorticity of the shear flow field. These particle rotations continually expose new particle surface to the opposing chamber wall, sampling the particle surface for an adhesive region and controlling the capture rate. Control studies with the same patchy functionality on the chamber wall rather than the particles reveal a related signature of particle capture but substantially faster (still surface limited) particle capture rates. Thus, when the same functionality is placed on the wall rather than the particles, the capture is faster because it depends on the particle translation past a functionalized wall rather than on the particle rotations. The dependence of particle capture on functionalization of the particles versus the wall is consistent with the faster near-wall particle translation in shearing flow compared with the velocity of the rotating particle surface near the wall. These findings, in addition to providing a new class of nanoscopically patchy engineered particles, provide insight into the capture and detection of cells presenting sparse distinguishing surface features and the design of delivery packages for highly targeted pharmaceutical delivery.

Rapid Electrostatic Capture of Rod-Shaped Particles on Planar Surfaces: Standing up to Shear

“…23 Therefore compared with spheres, one might expect that the micron-scale separation of a rod particle from the surface in the moments when it is oriented parallel to the surface would reduce the capture efficiency of the particle on an otherwise adhesive wall. Separately, even for spheres, rotation of near wall particles has been shown to limit particle capture when discrete adhesive functionality (chemical heterogeneity 24 or ligands 25 ) must engage to facilitate capture. One would therefore expect that at some conditions, at least, rotating or rolling of a near-surface rod will profoundly influence the probability of capture and arrest.…”

Satellite-Based Sensor for Environmental Heat-Stress Sweat Creatinine Monitoring: The Remote Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Epidermal Wearable Sensing for Health Evaluation

“…Recently, several novel materials , and polymer gels − in different electrochemical sensing paradigms have been embedded in wearable electronic textiles , used for promising emerging telehealth applications, such as human interactive sensors, motion trackers, sweat sensors for health monitoring . Integrated textile fabrics are easily stretched on the skin into many different configurations .…”

Salivary Creatinine Detection Using a Cu(I)/Cu(II) Catalyst Layer of a Supercapacitive Hybrid Sensor: A Wireless IoT Device To Monitor Kidney Diseases for Remote Medical Mobility

“…Several types of polymer gels ,− with chemical and physical properties tailored over a wide range of characteristics are being employed in different sensory architectures, − such as flexible silk–fibroin sponges with distinctive pore structure and excellent water uptake, the hybrid of silk fibroin and carbon nanotube for cardiomyocyte functionalities, to achieve highly sensitive biomaterials. Therefore, considering the importance of salivary creatinine monitoring for CKD patients with severely chronic stages, we anticipated the benefit of using a novel matrix of supramolecular gels with metal nanoparticles as sensing material equipped with portable electrochemical-based smartphones that can be monitored closely by doctors, physicians, or any qualified practitioners.…”