Nanoscale Conformation and Compressibility of Cartilage Aggrecan Using Microcontact Printing and Atomic Force Microscopy

Dean, Delphine; Han, Lin; Ortiz, Christine; Grodzinsky, Alan J.

doi:10.1021/ma047626k

Cited by 40 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…42 The resulting assembly is similar to our films in that a hierarchy of brushes is formed, although the type of organization – a planar brush of bottle brushes – is different from our bottle brushes in a planar brush. Interestingly, the shape of the force–distance curves for pure aggrecan brushes is similar to what we found for pure HA and composite HA–aggrecan brushes (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Self-assembly and elasticity of hierarchical proteoglycan–hyaluronan brushes

Attili

Richter

2013

Soft Matter

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Self-assembly and elasticity of hierarchical proteoglycan–hyaluronan brushes

Attili

Richter

2013

Soft Matter

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“…Hyaluronic acid has also been shown to behave like a flexible polyelectrolyte the persistence length of which significantly increases and becomes on the order of ϳ100 nm when aggrecan monomers are attached. 34,35 Experimental observations of the effect of ionic environment on the osmotic modulus of the HA molecules alone in solution are an essential step in placing these results in context and in understanding cartilage load bearing properties.…”

Section: Influence Of the Ionic Strength On The Osmotic Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ions in hyaluronic acid solutions

Horkay

Basser

Londono

et al. 2009

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Hyaluronic acid ͑HA͒ is an anionic biopolymer that is almost ubiquitous in biological tissues. An attempt is made to determine the dominant features that account for both its abundance and its multifunctional role, and which set it apart from other types of biopolymers. A combination of osmotic and scattering techniques is employed to quantify its dynamic and static properties in near-physiological solution conditions, where it is exposed both to mono-and divalent counterions. An equation of state is derived for the osmotic pressure ⌸ in the semidilute concentration region, in terms of two variables, the polymer concentration c and the ionic strength J of the added salt, according to which ⌸ = 1.4ϫ 10 3 c 9/4 / J 3/4 kPa, where c and J are expressed in mole. Over the physiological ion concentration range, the effect of the sodium chloride and calcium chloride on the osmotic properties of HA solutions is fully accounted for by their contributions to the ionic strength. The absence of precipitation, even at high CaCl 2 concentrations, distinguishes this molecule from other biopolymers such as DNA. Dynamic light scattering measurements reveal that the collective diffusion coefficient in HA solutions exceeds that in aqueous solutions of typical neutral polymers by a factor of approximately 5. This property ensures rapid adjustment to, and recovery from, stress applied to HA-containing tissue. Small angle x-ray scattering measurements confirm the absence of appreciable structural reorganization over the observed length scale range 10-1000 Å, as a result of calcium-sodium ion exchange. The scattered intensity in the transfer momentum range q Ͼ 0.03 Å −1 varies as 1 / q, indicating that the HA chain segments in semidilute solutions are linear over an extended concentration range. The osmotic compression modulus c ‫ץ‬ ⌸ / ‫ץ‬c, a high value of which is a prerequisite in structural biopolymers, is several times greater than in typical neutral polymer solutions.

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“…An important step in addressing these issues is to image the relevant molecules, using methods such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Fig. 4), and to directly measure molecular level nanomechanical function, using techniques such as optical tweezers or AFM 18…”

Section: Major Issues and New Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomechanics: The Molecular Basis of How Forces Regulate Cellular Function

et al. 2010

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Recent advances have led to the emergence of molecular biomechanics as an essential element of modern biology. These efforts focus on theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanics of proteins and nucleic acids, and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stress transmission, mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in living cells. In particular, singlemolecule biomechanics studies of proteins and DNA, and mechanochemical coupling in biomolecular motors have demonstrated the critical importance of molecular mechanics as a new frontier in bioengineering and life sciences. To stimulate a more systematic study of the basic issues in molecular biomechanics, and attract a broader range of researchers to enter this emerging field, here we discuss its significance and relevance, describe the important issues to be addressed and the most critical questions to be answered, summarize both experimental and theoretical/ computational challenges, and identify some short-term and long-term goals for the field. The needs to train young researchers in molecular biomechanics with a broader knowledge base, and to bridge and integrate molecular, subcellular and cellular level studies of biomechanics are articulated. KeywordsMechanobiology; Force; Cytoskeleton; Mechanotransduction; Protein conformational change; Molecular motors MOLECULAR BIOMECHANICS: AN EMERGENT FIELDLiving cells are dynamic systems that perform integrated functions including metabolism, control, sensing, communication, growth, remodeling, reproduction and apoptosis (programed cell death). During the past few decades, extensive studies have elucidated the structure, mechanical responses and biological functions of cells in different organs and tissues including, for example, lung, bone, cartilage, blood vessels, and skeletal and cardiac © 2010 Biomedical Engineering Society Address correspondence to Gang Bao, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. gang.bao@bme.gatech.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptMol Cell Biomech. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 August 9. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript muscles. These studies have led to a better understanding of how the biological functions of a cell are regulated by mechanical forces or deformation. They have also demonstrated the central role that forces play in the initiation and progression of numerous diseases such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, asthma, to name a few. However, to decipher the fundamental mechanisms of force-induced control of cellular function, more systematic studies of deformation, structural dynamics and mechanochemical transduction in living cells and biomolecules are needed.As the basic unit of life, living cells perform an enormous variety of functions through synthesis, sorting, storage and transport of biomolecules; expression of genetic information; recognition, transmission and transduction of signals; and conversion between different for...

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Nanoscale Conformation and Compressibility of Cartilage Aggrecan Using Microcontact Printing and Atomic Force Microscopy

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Self-assembly and elasticity of hierarchical proteoglycan–hyaluronan brushes

Self-assembly and elasticity of hierarchical proteoglycan–hyaluronan brushes

Ions in hyaluronic acid solutions

Molecular Biomechanics: The Molecular Basis of How Forces Regulate Cellular Function

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