Nanoscale Conducting Cylinders Based on Self-Organization of Hydrogen-Bonded Polyaniline Supramolecules

Kosonen, Harri; Ruokolainen, Janne; Knaapila, Matti; Torkkeli, Mika; Jokela, K.; Serimaa, Ritva; Brinke, G. ten; Bras, Wim; Monkman, Andrew P.; Ikkala, Olli

doi:10.1021/ma0010783

Cited by 101 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…3,4 Both low molecular weight and polymeric liquid crystals have been realized using hydrogen bonding, starting with the pioneering work of Kato and Frechet 5 and continued by others in different systems. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Ruokolainen et al have used hydrogen bonding and charge transfer to complex aliphatic chains to homopolymers [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and block copolymers. 24 Hydrogen bonding has also been used as a facile method for the preparation of LC block copolymers with novel thermooptic properties 25 and that exhibit orientational switching of the microstructure under electric fields.…”

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confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Microphase Separation in a Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystalline Comb Copolymer in the Melt State

2006

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Hydrogen bonding represents a versatile and convenient route to chemical diversity in natural and synthetic systems. It can be used to join various chemical species to one another to form products ranging from simple dimers to complex supramolecular moieties, some of which may be self-ordering. 1,2 The use of hydrogen bonding to create liquid crystalline materials is an example of using molecular recognition to pursue prescribed molecular or supramolecular architectures for use in functional systems with self-assembled structures. 3,4 Both low molecular weight and polymeric liquid crystals have been realized using hydrogen bonding, starting with the pioneering work of Kato and Frechet 5 and continued by others in different systems. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Ruokolainen et al. have used hydrogen bonding and charge transfer to complex aliphatic chains to homopolymers [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and block copolymers. 24 Hydrogen bonding has also been used as a facile method for the preparation of LC block copolymers with novel thermooptic properties 25 and that exhibit orientational switching of the microstructure under electric fields. 26 The current work represents another instance of supramolecular engineering via hydrogen bonding.Poly(acrylic acid) of molecular weight 5.2 kg/mol and polydispersity 1.09 was used as received from Polymer Source. The custom-synthesized mesogen was based on an imidazole headgroup and a rigid biphenyl core, with 10-and 8-carbon aliphatic spacer and tail segments, respectively, as shown in Figure 1.Samples were prepared by codissolving appropriate quantities of PAA and the mesogen in DMF at 2.5 wt % followed by slow solvent removal at 55°C to prevent mesogen crystallization and phase separation. The films produced were dried in a vacuum at room temperature for 72-96 h and used without further treatment. SAXS was performed using a rotating copper anode source (λ ) 1.540 Å) and, primarily, a synchrotron source (λ ) 1.307 Å). DSC was conducted on a Perkin-Elmer DSC7 at a heating rate of 10°C/min. FTIR was performed in reflection on films using a microscope objective for both illumination and collection of reflected radiation on a Nicolet instrument.The mesogen forms a room temperature crystalline solid in the unbound state, with a single, sharp melting transition to a disordered liquid at 97°C. X-ray scattering revealed a layered structure of 35 Å period in the small-angle regime and characteristic peaks on the 3-5 Å range in the wide-angle regime. The layer period was in good agreement with the calculated extended chain length of the molecule, 34 Å.The presence of hydrogen bonding between the imidazole head of the mesogen and the hydroxy group of the acrylic acid repeat units was confirmed by FTIRsthe appearance of a new, broad band centered on 2530 cm -1 was the primary indicator of strong imidazole-carboxylic acid hydrogen bonding. 15 The intensity of the band was found to decrease as samples were heated above room temperature, with recovery of the room temperature ab...

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Supramolecular Microphase Separation in a Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystalline Comb Copolymer in the Melt State

2006

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“…96 On the basis of the supramolecular design described above, functional supramolecular LC polymers have been developed ( Figure 6). 51,[97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105] Ferroelectricity can be induced for hydrogenbonded LC polymer 15 exhibiting chiral smectic C phases. 51 Chiral hydrogen-bond acceptors are used to form supramolecular LC polymers that show spontaneous polarization.…”

Section: Supramolecular Design Of Lc Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…100 Supramolecular LC polymers have been applied for ion-and electron-conductive materials. [101][102][103][104][105] Ikkala and co-workers described the development of nanostructured proton-conductive polymers combining hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions. [101][102][103] Supramolecular polymer 20 is composed of diblock copolymer poly[styreneblock-(4-vinylpyridine)] (PS-b-PVP), p-toluenesulfonic acid and pentadecylphenol.…”

Section: Supramolecular Design Of Lc Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this approach, polyaniline-based supramolecular LC materials that show electrical conductivity were also reported. 104 Percec et al 105 employed charge-transfer interactions to prepare electron donoracceptor LC polymeric complexes with electronic functions. Onedimensional LC ordered structures of the electron donor-acceptor complexes are stabilized by self-assembly of acceptor polymer 21 and fluorine-substituted donor dendron 22.…”

Section: Supramolecular Design Of Lc Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional liquid-crystalline polymers and supramolecular liquid crystals

Kato

Uchida

Ichikawa

et al. 2017

Polym J

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The design and functions of liquid-crystalline (LC) polymers with classifying them into conventional-, supramolecular-, dendriticand network-type LC polymers are described. LC polymers show new functions as new devices in the field of energy and environment by incorporating mesogenic moieties exhibiting photonic, electronic and ionic functions. Supramolecular LC polymers show dynamic and unique properties because the mesogenic moieties are built with non-covalent interactions. Dendritic-type LC polymers exhibit liquid crystallinity by nanosegregation of aromatic and aliphatic moieties. Dendritic fork-like mesogens have also been prepared. A variety of nonmesogeic functional building blocks including fullerene, π-conjugated moieties, catenane, rotaxane and others can be incorporated into LC phases by attaching these dendritic moieties. LC networks are constructed in situ polymerization of polymerizable nematic or nanostructured liquid crystals. The specific characteristics of the LC networks have generated new research trends to develop well-defined polymers that exhibit optical, transport and separation properties. In these materials, through suitable design of LC monomers, the preservation of smectic, columnar and bicontinuous cubic phases has been successfully used for the development of membranes with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructures.

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“…The selfassembly, transport and other properties can also be tuned by additional amphiphilic compounds due to attractive and repulsive interactions. In this case the problem is to identify compounds that have sufficiently strong attractive interaction to the protonated main chain [82,329,330]. The phase behavior of supramolecular hairy rods has been studied theoretically [331].…”

Section: Self-assembly Of Conjugated Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%