Nanoscale Carbide and Nitride Catalysts

Lausche, Adam C.; Schaidle, Joshua A.; Schweitzer, Neil M.; Thompson, Levi T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097774-4.00730-0

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 293 publications

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“…Plasma reforming is a very broad term that entails the production of usable fuels and raw materials. Reforming is not only used for waste handling, but also the conversion of organic compounds like methane or other hydrocarbons and alcohols to hydrogen, syngas, or valuable organic molecules [213][214][215].…”

Section: Plasma Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Plasma Technologies in Recycling Processes

Kusano,

Kusano

2024

Materials

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Plasmas are reactive ionised gases, which enable the creation of unique reaction fields. This allows plasmas to be widely used for a variety of chemical processes for materials, recycling among others. Because of the increase in urgency to find more sustainable methods of waste management, plasmas have been enthusiastically applied to recycling processes. This review presents recent developments of plasma technologies for recycling linked to economical models of circular economy and waste management hierarchies, exemplifying the thermal decomposition of organic components or substances, the recovery of inorganic materials like metals, the treatment of paper, wind turbine waste, and electronic waste. It is discovered that thermal plasmas are most applicable to thermal processes, whereas nonthermal plasmas are often applied in different contexts which utilise their chemical selectivity. Most applications of plasmas in recycling are successful, but there is room for advancements in applications. Additionally, further perspectives are discussed.

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Section: Plasma Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Plasma Technologies in Recycling Processes

Kusano,

Kusano

2024

Materials

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Carbides, Survey

Oyama

2015

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The combination of carbon with various elements produces compounds known as carbides, which have a rich compositional and structural diversity and have numerous practical and fundamental applications. The bonding in the carbides, nitrides, and phosphides ranges from ionic for the alkali and alkaline earth metals, metallic or covalent for the transition elements, and covalent for the main group elements. The metallic carbides and nitrides are well known for their strength and hardness, and are widely used in wear‐resistant coatings, cutting tools, drill bits, and rocket nozzles. They are refractory, and generally have higher heats of formation, melting points, and microhardness values than their parent metals. Interestingly, they also have a strong metallic nature, with lower electrical resistivity and higher heat capacity. Stability tends to decrease in going to the right in the periodic table, as antibonding levels are filled. In ferrous alloys, the carbides are the components responsible for the toughness of steels. However, they also have interesting optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, and have been applied in semiconducting coatings, electrical contacts, thin film resistors, optoelectronic components, and diffusion barriers.

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Catalysis by Metal Carbides and Nitrides

Nash

Yung

Chen

et al. 2017

Handbook of Solid State Chemistry

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Early transition metal carbides and nitrides (ETMCNs), materials in which carbon or nitrogen occupies interstitial sites within a parent metal lattice, possess unique physical and chemical properties that motivate their use as catalysts. Specifically, these materials possess multiple types of catalytic sites, including metallic, acidic, and basic sites, and as such, exhibit reactivities that differ from their parent metals. Moreover, their surfaces are dynamic under reaction conditions. This chapter reviews recent (since 2010) experimental and computational investigations into the catalytic properties ofETMCNmaterials for applications including biomass conversion, syngas andCO2upgrading, petroleum and natural gas refining, and electrocatalytic energy conversion, energy storage, and chemicals production, and attempts to link catalyst performance to active site identity/surface structure in order to elucidate the present level of understanding of structure–function relationships for these materials. The chapter concludes with a perspective on leveraging the unique properties of these materials to design and develop improved catalysts through a dedicated, multidisciplinary effort.

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Nanoscale Carbide and Nitride Catalysts

Cited by 7 publications

References 293 publications

Applications of Plasma Technologies in Recycling Processes

Applications of Plasma Technologies in Recycling Processes

Carbides, Survey

Catalysis by Metal Carbides and Nitrides

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