Nanos (nos) genes of the vector mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti

Calvo, Eric; Walter, Marika F.; Adelman, Zach N.; Jimenez, Alyssa J.; Onal, Sedef; Marinotti, Osvaldo; James, Anthony A.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.02.007

Cited by 47 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…As the maternal expression and posterior localization of the nanos transcript is also widely conserved in early dipteran embryos (Calvo et al, 2005;Curtis et al, 1995;Goltsev et al, 2004;Lemke and Schmidt-Ott, 2009), and as nanos homologs from cyclorrhaphan and non-cyclorrhaphan dipterans exhibit rescue activity in nanos-deficient Drosophila embryos (Curtis et al, 1995), the absence of maternal hunchback input as a second source of AP polarity in Episyrphus might simply reflect plasticity in early dipteran development [for other examples see Schetelig et al (Schetelig et al, 2008), Stauber et al (Stauber et al, 2008)]. However, direct functional evidence for a conserved role of nanos and maternal hunchback expression in providing head-totail polarity in dipteran embryos is currently limited to higher cyclorrhaphan flies.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal activation of gap genes in the hover flyEpisyrphus

et al. 2010

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The metameric organization of the insect body plan is initiated with the activation of gap genes, a set of transcription-factor-encoding genes that are zygotically expressed in broad and partially overlapping domains along the anteroposterior (AP) axis of the early embryo. The spatial pattern of gap gene expression domains along the AP axis is generally conserved, but the maternal genes that regulate their expression are not. Building on the comprehensive knowledge of maternal gap gene activation in Drosophila, we used loss- and gain-of-function experiments in the hover fly Episyrphus balteatus (Syrphidae) to address the question of how the maternal regulation of gap genes evolved. We find that, in Episyrphus, a highly diverged bicoid ortholog is solely responsible for the AP polarity of the embryo. Episyrphus bicoid represses anterior zygotic expression of caudal and activates the anterior and central gap genes orthodenticle, hunchback and Krüppel. In bicoid-deficient Episyrphus embryos, nanos is insufficient to generate morphological asymmetry along the AP axis. Furthermore, we find that torso transiently regulates anterior repression of caudal and is required for the activation of orthodenticle, whereas all posterior gap gene domains of knirps, giant, hunchback, tailless and huckebein depend on caudal. We conclude that all maternal coordinate genes have altered their specific functions during the radiation of higher flies (Cyclorrhapha).

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Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal activation of gap genes in the hover flyEpisyrphus

et al. 2010

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“…3B). Hybridizations in situ performed on early embryos from transgenic line AenMn 4 demonstrated that nos-generated MosI RNA was localized properly to the pole plasm as occurs with the nos endogenous mRNA (14) (Fig. 3C).…”

Section: Dengue ͉ Gene Drive ͉ Transposonmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…DNA was digested with XbaI, and fragments between 5 and 7 kb in length were extracted (Qiagen, La Jolla, CA) and self-ligated. Ligated DNA was used as a template for amplification, using primers AenosF5 (5Ј-ttaaagagaagatgaatcgaagccataacgc-3Ј) and AenosR1 (5Ј-ttccgcttcacgtttgcaccgctttatgacc-3Ј) based on the A. aegypti nos cDNA (14). An amplification product was identified that consisted of the genomic sequence from Ϫ1340 to ϩ254 (with ϩ1 being the start of transcription) (GenBank accession no.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several genes involved in early embryonic development, including vasa, oskar, and nanos (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), express products that are localized to the developing germ cells, and therefore are candidates for donating control sequences to a gene drive system. nanos (nos) genes have been characterized in a number of insects including Drosophila species (16)(17)(18) and the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, and A. aegypti (14).…”

Section: Dengue ͉ Gene Drive ͉ Transposonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nanos (nos) genes have been characterized in a number of insects including Drosophila species (16)(17)(18) and the mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi, and A. aegypti (14). nos RNA is maternally derived and localized to the pole plasm in embryos (19).…”

Section: Dengue ͉ Gene Drive ͉ Transposonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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nanos gene control DNA mediates developmentally regulated transposition in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti

Adelman

Jasinskiene²,

Onal³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Transposable elements (TEs) are proposed as a basis for developing drive systems to spread pathogen resistance genes through vector mosquito populations. The use of transcriptional and translational control DNA elements from genes expressed specifically in the insect germ line to mediate transposition offers possibilities for mitigating some of the concerns about transgene behavior in the target vector species and eliminating effects on nontarget organisms. Here, we describe the successful use of the promoter and untranslated regions from the nanos (nos) orthologous gene of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, to control sex-and tissuespecific expression of exogenously derived mariner MosI transposase-encoding DNA. Transgenic mosquitoes expressed transposase mRNA in abundance near or equal to the endogenous nos transcript and exclusively in the female germ cells. In addition, MosI mRNA was deposited in developing oocytes and localized and maintained at the posterior pole during early embryonic development. Importantly, four of five transgenic lines examined were capable of mobilizing a second MosI transgene into the mosquito genome, indicating that functional transposase was being produced. Thus, the nos control sequences show promise as part of a TE-based gene drive system. dengue ͉ gene drive ͉ transposon

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The gap gene network

Jaeger

2010

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

283

358

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Gap genes are involved in segment determination during the early development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as well as in other insects. This review attempts to synthesize the current knowledge of the gap gene network through a comprehensive survey of the experimental literature. I focus on genetic and molecular evidence, which provides us with an almost-complete picture of the regulatory interactions responsible for trunk gap gene expression. I discuss the regulatory mechanisms involved, and highlight the remaining ambiguities and gaps in the evidence. This is followed by a brief discussion of molecular regulatory mechanisms for transcriptional regulation, as well as precision and size-regulation provided by the system. Finally, I discuss evidence on the evolution of gap gene expression from species other than Drosophila. My survey concludes that studies of the gap gene system continue to reveal interesting and important new insights into the role of gene regulatory networks in development and evolution.

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Nanos (nos) genes of the vector mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti

Cited by 47 publications

References 44 publications

Maternal activation of gap genes in the hover flyEpisyrphus

Maternal activation of gap genes in the hover flyEpisyrphus

nanos gene control DNA mediates developmentally regulated transposition in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti

The gap gene network

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