Synthetic
confined systems with inner cavity have attracted extensive
research interest in many fields, but how to engineer an effective
and inexpensive confined microsystem remains a great challenge owing
to normally the same physicochemical properties of cavity’s
inner and outer surfaces and its sophisticated synthetic strategies.
Herein, we demonstrate that a natural and low-cost halloysite nanotube
(HNT) with an asymmetric layered structure is a spatially confined
nanoreactor for enhancing the photochemical reaction. The higher Fe
doping content of the Al–OH inner surface results in the obvious
better photochemical activity and stronger adsorption ability of the
inner surface of HNT compared with the outer surface. The unique asymmetric
inner and outer properties induce the obvious spatial confinement
effects of the lumen of HNT for improving the photocatalytic reaction.
Compared with Kaolinte nanosheets (Kaol NSs), the normalized photocatalytic
reaction rates of HNT were 1.3, 1.8, and 5.1 times that of Kaol NSs
for the photodegradation of rhodamine, malachite green, and ciprofloxacin,
respectively. The present work not only provides some new insights
into the structure of HNT but also demonstrates a low-cost and eco-friendly
spatially confined nanoreactor for biomedical and catalytic applications.