Nanoporous materials forge a path forward to enable sustainable growth: Technology advancements in fluid catalytic cracking

Clough, Melissa; Pope, Jacqueline; Lin, Lynne Tan Xin; Komvokis, Vasileios; Pan, Shuyang; Yilmaz, Bilge

doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.03.063

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…6 This leads to irreversible dealumination of the zeolite with extraction of Al from the zeolite framework, which permanently reduces the activity of the catalyst. 7 Zeolite catalysts are also subjected to steam during reaction. In the Mobil methanol to gasoline (MTG) process, the feedstock converted over the ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst has 17% initial water concentration, which will increase with conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective action of water molecules in zeolite dealumination

Nielsen

Hafreager

Brogaard

et al. 2019

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective action of water molecules in zeolite dealumination

Nielsen

Hafreager

Brogaard

et al. 2019

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…The FCC catalyst is prone to deactivation, and unwanted side reactions due to contaminant metals, including nickel (Ni), vanadium (V) and iron (Fe), coming into the unit with residue containing feedstocks (i.e., resid feeds). Improvement in understanding how these deleterious metals interact with FCC catalyst has been crucial to advancing catalyst technologies to be better suited for processing these feedstocks [1,2].…”

Section: Fluid Catalytic Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Visual Characterization of Contaminant Metals and Their Mobility in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts

Senter¹,

Mastry²,

Mannion

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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A new approach for characterization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts is proposed. This approach is based on computational visual analyses of images originating from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies coupled with elemental mapping via electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The concept of contaminant metal mobility is defined and systematically studied through quantification of interparticle transfer and intraparticle penetration of the most common FCC contaminant metals (nickel, vanadium, iron, and calcium). This novel methodology was employed for practical quantification of intraparticle mobility via the Peripheral Deposition Index (PDI). For analyzing and quantifying interparticle mobility, a new index was developed and coined “Interparticle Mobility Index” or IMI. With the development and practical application of these two indices, this study offers the first standardized methodology for quantification of metals mobility in FCC. This novel systematic approach for analyzing metals mobility allows for improved troubleshooting of refinery-specific case studies and for more effective research and development in contaminant metals passivation in FCC catalysts.

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“…On the other hand, new additives have been applied directly to the FCC catalyst core for gasoline sulfur reduction -GSR (Bryden et al, 2015;Clough et al, 2017;Karthikeyani et al, 2017). Several metals, such as Mg, Al, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Ag, in the form of their pure oxides, mixed oxides, spinel structures, and modified zeolites have been tested.…”

Section: Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluid catalytic cracking -FCC is one of the main fuel production processes in a refinery. In this process, heavy petroleum compounds are cracked into lighter compounds and added to the pool of gasoline, diesel, aviation kerosene, or liquefied petroleum gas -LPG (Clough et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Removal of Sulfur Compounds From Petroleum Streams

Almeida

Santos

Silva

et al. 2018

BJPG

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Sulfur removal aiming at attending environmental legislation standards has been the focus of many studies. The use of Fluid Catalytic Cracking, FCC, in the removal of gasoline-fraction sulfur contaminants is regarded as advantageous when compared to desulfurization processes downstream of the FCC process. This paper evaluates the effect of Mg addition to the Beta zeolite over n-hexane and thiophene cracking. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray with dispersive energy fluorescence analysis (EDXRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH 3-TPD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The magnesium incorporation into the zeolite increased the number of Brønsted active sites and total acidity in the catalyst, favoring an increase in selectivity for catalytic cracking reactions and a decrease of isomerization reactions in the n-hexane conversion step. In thiophene conversion, the greater selectivity for hydrogen transfer promoted the formation of H 2 S, and adsorptive capacity is a key factor in alkylated product formation due to the presence of Lewis active sites, which are more predominant in magnesium incorporated catalysts.

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Nanoporous materials forge a path forward to enable sustainable growth: Technology advancements in fluid catalytic cracking

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Collective action of water molecules in zeolite dealumination

Collective action of water molecules in zeolite dealumination

Quantitative Visual Characterization of Contaminant Metals and Their Mobility in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts

Catalytic Removal of Sulfur Compounds From Petroleum Streams

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