Nanoporous diopside modulates biocompatibility, degradability and osteogenesis of bioactive scaffolds of gliadin-based composites for new bone formation

Abstract

IntroductionIt is predicted that with increased life expectancy in the whole world, there will be a greater demand for synthetic biomedical materials to repair or regenerate lost, injured or diseased tissues. Natural polymers, as biomedical materials, have been widely applied in the field of regenerative medicine.Materials and methodsBy incorporation of nanoporous diopside bioglass (nDPB) into glia-din (GL) matrix, macro–nanoporous scaffolds of nDPB/GL composites (DGC) were fabricated by method of solution compressing and particles leaching.ResultsThe results revealed that the DGC scaffolds possessed well-interconnected macropores of 200–500 μm and nanopores of 4 nm, and the porosity and degradability of DGC scaffolds remarkably increased with the increase in nDPB content. In addition, in vitro cell experiments revealed that the adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 cells on DGC scaffolds were significantly promoted, which depended on nDPB content. Moreover, the results of histological evaluations confirmed that the osteogenic properties and degradability of DGC scaffolds in vivo significantly improved, which were nDPB content dependent. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that, with the increase in nDPB content, the type I collagen expression in DGC scaffolds in vivo obviously enhanced, indicating excellent osteogenesis.Discussion and conclusionThe results demonstrated that the DGC scaffolds containing 30 wt% nDPB (30nDGC) exhibited good biocompatibility and new bone formation ability, which might have a great potential for applications in bone regeneration.

<p>Effect of Attapulgite-Doped Electrospun Fibrous PLGA Scaffold on Pro-Osteogenesis and Barrier Function in the Application of Guided Bone Regeneration</p>

“…12 , 27 The porosity of biomaterials plays a vital role in bone formation, and the appropriate porosity would enhance the progression of osteogenesis. 28 , 29 In the future, we will further investigate the relationship between the porosity and mechanical strength of the PLGA/ATT composite nanofibers used for bone regeneration, which will enable the fabrication of scaffolds with morphological and mechanical properties needed for bone repair with a particular design.…”

In Vivo Behavior of Bioactive Glass-Based Hybrids in Animal Models For Bone Regeneration

“…Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the expression of type I collagen increased with increasing glass content, indicating excellent pro-osteogenic properties. Scaffold degradation varied with glass content, and was found to be consistently more advanced for higher glass content [36].…”

Bioactive Titanium Surfaces: Interactions of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells of Nano Devices Applied to Dental Practice

“…The anodized nanoporous surface offers good mechanical retention and the pores are controlled in size to allow efficient transport of factors and proteins useful for the osseointegration process. This type of surface therefore allows the proliferation of osteoblastic cells, but also of connective tissue cells and epithelial cells, having instead a negative activity in the formation of a biofilm [7,8].…”

“…The possibility to realize a biomaterial working on its nanostructure gives both the clinicians and researchers a unique set of opportunities. The usual way to create tissue engineered implants relies on providing a desired element homogeneously throughout a biomaterial, which is related to top-down tissue engineering [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8].…”