Nanoplastics and marine organisms: What has been studied?

Critical Assessment of Analytical Methods for the Harmonized and Cost-Efficient Analysis of Microplastics

“…322,323 Nanoplastics Outlook Numerous studies report trends in MP abundances towards particle sizes in the small micron regime. 22,40,52,72,73,233 There are first indications of NP (1-999 nm 4 ) formation from MP through digestion by krill, 324 as well as a multitude of studies suggesting adverse effects of NP on diverse organisms from marine species 325 to humans. 326 Thus, the question of reliable identification and quantification of NP becomes more urgent every day.…”

Photoinduced Force Microscopy as an Efficient Method Towards the Detection of Nanoplastics

“…[5,13] However, little is known about the origin, structure, and fate of nanoplastics in marine environments; even the definition 'nanoplastics' is still under debate defining it either as 1-1000 [14] or 1-100 nm particles. [15,16] The reasons for this knowledge gap are the experimental challenge of sampling and the analytical challenge of detecting nanoplastics, as discussed in detail by recent reviews. [12,[15][16][17][18] Here we employ photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) to analyze sub-100 nm polymer particles.…”

“…[15,16] The reasons for this knowledge gap are the experimental challenge of sampling and the analytical challenge of detecting nanoplastics, as discussed in detail by recent reviews. [12,[15][16][17][18] Here we employ photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) to analyze sub-100 nm polymer particles. PiFM operates in noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM) mode and provides spectroscopic information by sensing the dipole-dipole force attraction between sample and tip when illuminated with coherent, monochromatic light.…”

An effective solution to simultaneously analyze size, mass and number concentration of polydisperse nanoplastics in a biological matrix: asymmetrical flow field fractionation coupled with a diode array detector and multiangle light scattering

“…18 Simultaneously, the quantity of particles, as essential information for studying nanomaterials according to the European Union, is relevant to the exposure assessment and pollution level. [19][20][21] Therefore, it is vital to monitor differently sized NPl including their size, mass and number concentration in the biological matrix for accurately studying their toxicity and pollution level.…”

“…Current techniques for measuring NPl involve electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) or nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to detect its size, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Pyr-GC-MS), NTA, uorescence spectrophotometer, Raman to determine its mass or number concentration. 6,22,23 However, microscopy technologies extracting quantitative information of NPl through particle-by-particle characterizations and calculations, is inaccurate and timeconsuming. 24 DLS could not accurately measure the size of polydisperse particle due to its poor resolution.…”