Nanophotonics: design, fabrication, and operation of nanometric devices using optical near fields

Ohtsu, Motoichi; Kobayashi, Kiyoshi; Kawazoe, Tadashi; Sangu, Suguru; Yatsui, Takashi

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2002.801738

Cited by 271 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…ZnO nanocrystallites are a promising material for realizing nanometer-scale photonic devices, 1 i.e., nanophotonic devices, at room temperature, owing to their large exciton binding energy [2][3][4] and large oscillator strength. 5 Furthermore, the recent demonstration of semiconductor nanorod quantumwell structures enables us to fabricate nanometer-scale electronic and photonic devices on single nanorods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field measurement of spectral anisotropy and optical absorption of isolated ZnO nanorod single-quantum-well structures

Yatsui

Ohtsu

Yoo

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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We report low-temperature near-field spectroscopy of isolated ZnO / ZnMgO single-quantum-well structures ͑SQWs͒ on the end of ZnO nanorod to define their potential for nanophotonics. First, absorption spectra of isolated ZnO / ZnMgO nanorod SQWs with the Stokes shift as small as 3 meV and very sharp photoluminescent peaks indicate that the nanorod SQWs are of very high optical quality. Furthermore, we performed polarization spectroscopy of isolated ZnO SQWs, and observed valence-band anisotropy of ZnO SQWs in photoluminescence spectra directly. Since the exciton in a quantum structure is an ideal two-level system with long coherence times, our results provide criteria for designing nanophotonic devices. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1990247͔ ZnO nanocrystallites are a promising material for realizing nanometer-scale photonic devices, 1 i.e., nanophotonic devices, at room temperature, owing to their large exciton binding energy 2-4 and large oscillator strength. 5 Furthermore, the recent demonstration of semiconductor nanorod quantumwell structures enables us to fabricate nanometer-scale electronic and photonic devices on single nanorods. [6][7][8][9] Recently, ZnO / ZnMgO nanorod heterostructures were fabricated and the quantum confinement effect even from the singlequantum-well structures ͑SQWs͒ was observed. 10 Near-field spectroscopy has made a remarkable contribution to investigations of the optical properties in nanocrystallite, 11 and has resulted in the observation of nanometer-scale optical images, such as the local density of exciton states. 12 However, reports on semiconductor quantum structure are limited to naturally formed quantum dots ͑QDs͒. 12-14 Here we report low-temperature near-field spectroscopy of artificially fabricated ZnO SQWs on the end of a ZnO nanorod.ZnO / ZnMgO SQWs were fabricated on the ends of ZnO stems with a mean diameter of 40 nm and a length of 1 m using catalyst-free metalorganic vapor phase epitxy, in which the ZnO nanorods were grown vertically from a sapphire ͑0001͒ substrate in the c orientation. 10,15 The Mg concentration in the ZnMgO layers averaged 20 at. %. Two samples were prepared for this study: their ZnO well layer thickness L w , were 2.5 and 3.75 nm, while the thicknesses of the ZnMgO bottom and top barrier layers in the SQWs were fixed at 60 and 18 nm, respectively. After growing the ZnO / ZnMgO nanorod SQWs, they were dispersed so that they were laid down on a flat sapphire substrate to isolate them from each other ͓Fig. 1͑a͔͒.The far-field photoluminescence ͑PL͒ spectra were obtained using a He-Cd laser ͑ = 325 nm͒ before dispersion of the ZnO / ZnMgO nanorod SQWs. The emission signal was collected with the acromatic lens ͑f =50 mm͒. To confirm that the optical qualities of individual ZnO / ZnMgO SQWs were sufficiently high, we used a collection-mode near-field optical microscope ͑NOM͒ using a He-Cd laser ͑ = 325 nm͒ for excitation, and a UV fiber probe with an aperture diameter of 30 nm. The excitation source was focused on a nanorod ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field measurement of spectral anisotropy and optical absorption of isolated ZnO nanorod single-quantum-well structures

Yatsui

Ohtsu

Yoo

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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“…To realize optical devices with innovative operating principles while decreasing their sizes beyond the diffraction limit and reducing the energy consumption required for their operation, novel dressed photon devices and their associated integrated circuits have been proposed [16] . As a fi rst example of a basic device, an AND gate using three different-sized cubic quantum dots (QDs) -used as two input ports and one output port -has been demonstrated [17] .…”

Section: Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dressed photon technology

Ohtsu

2012

Nanophotonics

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This paper reviews the theoretical picture of dressed photons used to describe the electromagnetic interactions between nanometric particles located in close proximity to each other. The coupling between a dressed photon and multi-mode coherent phonons is also presented, revealing the presence of a novel phonon-assisted process in light -matter interactions. Applications of this novel process to innovative optical devices, fabrication technologies, energy conversion, and hierarchical systems are demonstrated.

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“…The QD, which has been widely investigated, has found prominence in biological [28,29], lasing [30][31][32][33][34][35] and coupled optical device [36,37] applications. The properties of emission tunability by varying size [38][39][40], the effect of QD shape, surface passivation and capping layers [41,42], the non-radiative recombination processes [43][44][45] and their respective characterization methods are largely understood.…”

Section: Quantum Dot Array Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale waveguiding methods

Wang

Lin

2007

Nanoscale Res Lett

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While 32 nm lithography technology is on the horizon for integrated circuit (IC) fabrication, matching the pace for miniaturization with optics has been hampered by the diffraction limit. However, development of nanoscale components and guiding methods is burgeoning through advances in fabrication techniques and materials processing. As waveguiding presents the fundamental issue and cornerstone for ultra-high density photonic ICs, we examine the current state of methods in the field. Namely, plasmonic, metal slot and negative dielectric based waveguides as well as a few sub-micrometer techniques such as nanoribbons, high-index contrast and photonic crystals waveguides are investigated in terms of construction, transmission, and limitations. Furthermore, we discuss in detail quantum dot (QD) arrays as a gain-enabled and flexible means to transmit energy through straight paths and sharp bends. Modeling, fabrication and test results are provided and show that the QD waveguide may be effective as an alternate means to transfer light on sub-diffraction dimensions.

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Nanophotonics: design, fabrication, and operation of nanometric devices using optical near fields

Cited by 271 publications

References 70 publications

Near-field measurement of spectral anisotropy and optical absorption of isolated ZnO nanorod single-quantum-well structures

Near-field measurement of spectral anisotropy and optical absorption of isolated ZnO nanorod single-quantum-well structures

Dressed photon technology

Nanoscale waveguiding methods

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