Abstract:Thermal emission is a ubiquitous and fundamental process by which all objects at non-zero temperatures radiate electromagnetic energy. This process is often presented to be incoherent in both space and time, resulting in broadband, omnidirectional light emission toward the far field, with a spectral density related to the emitter temperature by Planck's law. Over the past two decades, there has been considerable progress in engineering the spectrum, directionality, polarization, and temporal response of therma… Show more
“…Photonics engineering, in which materials are geometrically structured to tailor their near-and far-field electromagnetic responses, has greatly shaped many technological domains, including communications [1][2][3][4], image sensors [5][6][7][8][9], energy harvesting [10][11][12][13], and medical diagnostics [14,15]. Traditionally, photonics engineering has been driven by design concepts based on relatively simple geometries.…”
Optimization methods are playing an increasingly important role in all facets of photonics engineering, from integrated photonics to free space diffractive optics. However, efforts in the photonics community to develop optimization algorithms remain uncoordinated, which has hindered proper benchmarking of design approaches and access to device designs based on optimization. We introduce MetaNet, an online database of photonic devices and design codes intended to promote coordination and collaboration within the photonics community.Using metagratings as a model system, we have uploaded over one hundred thousand device layouts to the database, as well as source code for implementations of local and global topology optimization methods. Further analyses of these large datasets allow the distribution of optimized devices to be visualized for a given optimization method. We expect that the coordinated research efforts enabled by MetaNet will expedite algorithm development for photonics design.
“…Photonics engineering, in which materials are geometrically structured to tailor their near-and far-field electromagnetic responses, has greatly shaped many technological domains, including communications [1][2][3][4], image sensors [5][6][7][8][9], energy harvesting [10][11][12][13], and medical diagnostics [14,15]. Traditionally, photonics engineering has been driven by design concepts based on relatively simple geometries.…”
Optimization methods are playing an increasingly important role in all facets of photonics engineering, from integrated photonics to free space diffractive optics. However, efforts in the photonics community to develop optimization algorithms remain uncoordinated, which has hindered proper benchmarking of design approaches and access to device designs based on optimization. We introduce MetaNet, an online database of photonic devices and design codes intended to promote coordination and collaboration within the photonics community.Using metagratings as a model system, we have uploaded over one hundred thousand device layouts to the database, as well as source code for implementations of local and global topology optimization methods. Further analyses of these large datasets allow the distribution of optimized devices to be visualized for a given optimization method. We expect that the coordinated research efforts enabled by MetaNet will expedite algorithm development for photonics design.
“…Nanophotonics has been experiencing an explosive development in recent years, triggered by tremendous achievements in material science and nanofabrication. This development led to advances in various vital applications, including microscopy [1]- [3], sensing [4]- [9], imaging [10], medicine [11], [12], light sources [13], [14], [23], [24], [15]- [22], and functional devices [25], [26]. These applications rely on the optical interactions of matter at the nanoscale.…”
Recent progress in nanofabrication has led to tremendous technological developments in nanophotonics, which rely on the interaction of light with nanostructured matter. Nanophotonics has experienced a large surge of interest in recent years, from basic research to applied technology.The increased importance of extremely low-energy data processing at ultra-fast speeds has been encouraging the use of light for signal transport and processing. Energy demands and interaction time scales become smaller with the physical size of the nanostructures, hence nanophotonics opens the opportunity of integrating a large number of devices that can generate, control, modulate, sense and process light signals at ultrafast speeds and below femtojoule/bit energy levels.However, losses and diffraction pose fundamental challenges to the fundamental ability of nanophotonic structures to confine light efficiently in smaller and smaller volumes. In this framework, active nanophotonics, which combines the latest advances in nanotechnology with gain materials, has become in recent years a vital area of optics research, both from the physics, material science, and engineering standpoint. In this paper, we review recent efforts in enabling active nanodevices for lasing and optical sources, loss compensation, and to realize new optical functionalities, like -symmetry, exceptional points and nontrivial lasing based on suitably engineered distributions of gain and loss in nanostructures.
“…Third, the thermal radiation of objects with moderate temperatures (from room temperature to 1000 °C) peaks in the mid‐infrared region. Therefore, by acquiring the ability to modulate the mid‐infrared radiation of materials, it becomes possible to control the thermal emission properties of a heated object without altering its temperature …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…de This progress report focuses on the mid-infrared applications of polaritons in vdW crystals with a special emphasis on highlighting the important breakthroughs in the last couple of years. In Section 2, we introduce the fundamental polaritonic properties of four representative vdW crystals: hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), graphene, black phosphorous (BP), and α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO 3 ), which was recently demonstrated to support ultralow loss, in-plane anisotropic hyperbolic phonon polaritons. [10][11][12] In Section 3, we discuss the recent developments in active mid-infrared optical modulation based on 2D plasmons (Figure 1a), including tunable perfect absorption in graphene employing multiscale metasurface architectures.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, by acquiring the ability to modulate the mid-infrared radiation of materials, it becomes possible to control the thermal emission properties of a heated object without altering its temperature. [3] Even with these intriguing properties, the mid-infrared region has rather been less explored compared to other frequency regimes, because it requires a totally different set of materials for light sensing and control. In particular, the field of midinfrared nanophotonics, which studies the behavior of light in subwavelength nanostructures, is still in its infancy, and the development of both the materials and the devices is essential.…”
Despite high scientific and technological potential, nanophotonics research in the mid‐infrared regime remains relatively less explored compared to other frequency bands, largely because the mid‐infrared requires a totally different set of optical materials. Polaritons in layered 2D materials, or van der Waals (vdW) crystals, provide a new set of building blocks for mid‐infrared nanophotonics. Herein, the recently reported polaritonic properties of various vdW crystals are summarized in the context of their mid‐infrared applications. Both polaritons in vdW crystals with naturally anisotropic atomic structures as well as tunable plasmon polaritons in vdW semimetals are discussed. The extreme field confinement of 2D polaritons (confinement factors ≈100) enhances both their radiative heat transfer as well as the optical coupling to the vibrational modes of molecules, allowing for highly sensitive chemical detection. Their tunable properties, meanwhile, enable dynamic modulation of mid‐infrared light to realize dynamic phase shifters, mid‐infrared modulators, and spectrally tunable thermal emitters. By vertically stacking vdW crystals, it is possible to create a large variety of new effective materials with substantially different polaritonic properties compared to their building blocks.
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