Nanophotocatalysts in biomedicine: Cancer therapeutic, tissue engineering, biosensing, and drug delivery applications

Photocatalytic systems: reactions, mechanism, and applications

“…However, nanophotocatalysts can be used in tissue engineering to create scaffolds that encourage tissue regeneration and cell development. 246 The capacity of nanophotocatalysts to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to light is one of its main benefits in the field of biomedicine. Singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are examples of ROS, which are very reactive substances that can cause a variety of biological effects, including the death of cells.…”

“…PDT is a viable substitute for or addition to conventional therapy techniques, as it has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in a number of cancer types. 246–248 Their photoinduced inactivation is primarily caused by the photocatalytic generation of biocidal ROS that are short-lived yet effective, such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide (˙O 2 − ), and hydroxyl radicals ( • OH), by photochemical redox reactions in the presence of light. 243,249,250 Further research is still needed, on a number of significant topics including photocatalysis performance, large-scale nanophotocatalyst manufacture, reaction/synthesis condition optimization, long-term biosafety concerns, stability, clinical translation, etc.…”

“… 243,249,250 Further research is still needed, on a number of significant topics including photocatalysis performance, large-scale nanophotocatalyst manufacture, reaction/synthesis condition optimization, long-term biosafety concerns, stability, clinical translation, etc. 246 …”