Nanopatterning the Chemospecific Immobilization of Cowpea Mosaic Virus Capsid

Abstract

This paper presents a flexible approach for using Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN) to nanopattern mixed monolayers for the selective immobilization of bioassemblies. DPN was used with a binary inksconsisting of a symmetric 11-mercaptoundecyl-penta(ethylene glycol) disulfide and a mixed disulfide substituted with one maleimide groupsto pattern nanoscale features that present functional groups for the chemospecific immobilization of cysteine-labeled biomolecules. This strategy was applied to the chemospecific immobilization of cysteine mutant cowpea mosaic virus capsid particles (cys-VCPs). The combination of DPN for defining nanopatterns and surface chemistries for controlling the immobilization of ligands will be broadly useful in basic and applied biology.

Self-Assembled Nanoreactors

“…To this end, DPN was used to pattern a gold substrate with a thiol-selective linker after which a genetically modified Cys-CPMV was immobilized. 354,355 Bacteriophage MS2. The bacteriophage MS2 is a virus with a structure similar to that of CPMV.…”

New Developments for the Site-Specific Attachment of Protein to Surfaces

“…6). Mirkin and co-workers 56 have also used recently a similar scheme to template viral deposition on chemically modified surfaces. The thiol group can also react in an oxidative way with other thiols to form disulfides linkages.…”

Interfacing "Soft" and "Hard" Matter with Exquisite Chemical Control

“…The combination of recent nano-lithography techniques combined with the ability to bind proteins in an extremely ordered fashion will allow the creation of protein nanopatterns, which could be used as templates for the crystallization of biomolecules [24,31,70]. This emerging technology is expected to have a significant impact in the structural biology field where the main bottleneck is obtaining suitable crystals for physical studies.…”

“…(2), the Cys-mutated CPMV was chemoselectively attached only on those areas containing the maleimide function. Mirkin and co-workers [31] have also used a similar scheme to template viral deposition on chemically modified surfaces.…”