Nanoparticulate pyrite and other nanoparticles are a widespread component of hydrothermal vent black smoker emissions

Gartman, Amy; Findlay, Alyssa; Luther, George W.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.12.013

Cited by 101 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…is consistent with a previous finding that nanoparticles (i.e., particles with one or more dimensions less than 0.1 lm in size) are a widespread component of high-temperature hydrothermal discharges (Gartman et al, 2014).…”

Section: B Plume Particle Samplessupporting

confidence: 81%

The relative effect of particles and turbulence on acoustic scattering from deep sea hydrothermal vent plumes revisited

Jackson

Bemis

2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The relative importance of suspended particles and turbulence as backscattering mechanisms within a hydrothermal plume located on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge is determined by comparing acoustic backscatter measured by the Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar (COVIS) with model calculations based on in situ samples of particles suspended within the plume. Analysis of plume samples yields estimates of the mass concentration and size distribution of particles, which are used to quantify their contribution to acoustic backscatter. The result shows negligible effects of plume particles on acoustic backscatter within the initial 10-m rise of the plume. This suggests turbulence-induced temperature fluctuations are the dominant backscattering mechanism within lower levels of the plume. Furthermore, inversion of the observed acoustic backscatter for the standard deviation of temperature within the plume yields a reasonable match with the in situ temperature measurements made by a conductivity-temperature-depth instrument. This finding shows that turbulence-induced temperature fluctuations are the dominant backscattering mechanism and demonstrates the potential of using acoustic backscatter as a remote-sensing tool to measure the temperature variability within a hydrothermal plume.

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Section: B Plume Particle Samplessupporting

confidence: 81%

The relative effect of particles and turbulence on acoustic scattering from deep sea hydrothermal vent plumes revisited

Jackson

Bemis

2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Fe:C ratios are calculated using an AOU:C ratio of 1.6 (61) and are in units of μmol/mol. the dFe in global vent fluids (40,41). These colloids would pass through the 0.4-μm filter used to operationally define dissolved Fe in this study, and due to their small size they would sink very slowly, providing a mechanism by which inorganic dFe might be carried away from vents in the dissolved fraction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distal transport of dissolved hydrothermal iron in the deep South Pacific Ocean

Fitzsimmons

Boyle

Jenkins

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

125

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Until recently, hydrothermal vents were not considered to be an important source to the marine dissolved Fe (dFe) inventory because hydrothermal Fe was believed to precipitate quantitatively near the vent site. Based on recent abyssal dFe enrichments near hydrothermal vents, however, the leaky vent hypothesis [Toner BM, et al. (2012) Oceanography 25(1):209-212] argues that some hydrothermal Fe persists in the dissolved phase and contributes a significant flux of dFe to the global ocean. We show here the first, to our knowledge, dFe (<0.4 μm) measurements from the abyssal southeast and southwest Pacific Ocean, where dFe of 1.0-1.5 nmol/kg near 2,000 m depth (0.4-0.9 nmol/kg above typical deep-sea dFe concentrations) was determined to be hydrothermally derived based on its correlation with primordial 3 He and dissolved Mn (dFe: 3 He of 0.9-2.7 × 10 6 ). Given the known sites of hydrothermal venting in these regions, this dFe must have been transported thousands of kilometers away from its vent site to reach our sampling stations. Additionally, changes in the size partitioning of the hydrothermal dFe between soluble (<0.02 μm) and colloidal (0.02-0.4 μm) phases with increasing distance from the vents indicate that dFe transformations continue to occur far from the vent source. This study confirms that although the southern East Pacific Rise only leaks 0.02-1% of total Fe vented into the abyssal Pacific, this dFe persists thousands of kilometers away from the vent source with sufficient magnitude that hydrothermal vents can have far-field effects on global dFe distributions and inventories (≥3% of global aerosol dFe input).iron | hydrothermal vents | helium | East Pacific Rise | trace metals

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“…Although all four factors may influence plume microbial community structure, Mariner geochemistry is uniquely distinct from the other vent sites owing to the influence of an actively degassing subsurface magma chamber (Mottl et al, 2011). Particularly important is the high concentration of Fe and other sulfide mineral-forming metals, which reduce the bioavailability of H 2 S/HS À for chemosynthetic organisms (Luther et al, 2001;Hsu-Kim et al, 2008;Yucel et al, 2011;Gartman et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved sampling reveals dynamic microbial communities in rising hydrothermal plumes across a back-arc basin

Sheik¹,

Anantharaman²,

Breier

et al. 2014

The ISME Journal

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Within hydrothermal plumes, chemosynthetic processes and microbe-mineral interactions drive primary productivity in deep-ocean food webs and may influence transport of elements such as iron. However, the source of microorganisms in plumes and the factors governing how these communities assemble are poorly understood, in part due to lack of data from early stages of plume formation. In this study, we examined microbial community composition of rising hydrothermal plumes from five vent fields along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center. Seafloor and plume microbial communities were significantly dissimilar and shared few phylotypes. Plume communities were highly similar to each other with significant differences in community membership only between Kilo Moana and Mariner, two vents that are separated by extremes in depth, latitude and geochemistry. Systematic sampling of waters surrounding the vents revealed that species richness and phylogenetic diversity was typically highest near the vent orifice, implying mixing of microbial communities from the surrounding habitats. Above-plume background communities were primarily dominated by SAR11, SAR324 and MG-I Archaea, while SUP05, Sulfurovum, Sulfurimonas, SAR324 and Alteromonas were abundant in plume and near-bottom background communities. These results show that the ubiquitous water-column microorganisms populate plume communities, and that the composition of background seawater exerts primary influence on plume community composition, with secondary influence from geochemical and/or physical properties of vents. Many of these pervasive deep-ocean organisms are capable of lithotrophy, suggesting that they are poised to use inorganic electron donors encountered in hydrothermal plumes.

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Nanoparticulate pyrite and other nanoparticles are a widespread component of hydrothermal vent black smoker emissions

Cited by 101 publications

References 40 publications

The relative effect of particles and turbulence on acoustic scattering from deep sea hydrothermal vent plumes revisited

The relative effect of particles and turbulence on acoustic scattering from deep sea hydrothermal vent plumes revisited

Distal transport of dissolved hydrothermal iron in the deep South Pacific Ocean

Spatially resolved sampling reveals dynamic microbial communities in rising hydrothermal plumes across a back-arc basin

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