Nanoparticles with Dual Responses to Oxidative Stress and Reduced pH for Drug Release and Anti-inflammatory Applications

Abstract

Oxidative stress and reduced pH are involved in many inflammatory diseases. This study describes a nanoparticle-based system that is responsive to both oxidative stress and reduced pH in an inflammatory environment to effectively release its encapsulated curcumin, an immune-modulatory agent with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities. Because of the presence of Förster resonance energy transfer between curcumin and the carrier, this system also allowed us to monitor the intracellular release behavior. The curcumin released upon triggering could efficiently reduce the excess oxidants produced by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The feasibility of using the curcumin-loaded nanoparticles for anti-inflammatory applications was further validated in a mouse model with ankle inflammation induced by LPS. The results of these studies demonstrate that the proposed nanoparticle system is promising for treating oxidative stress-related diseases.

Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound: A special focus on sonodynamic therapy against cancer

“…the NP surface. This could be the case for ROS-responsive NP-based drug delivery systems or oxidative stress responding NPs [139,140]. Moreover, acoustic cavitation can induce mechanical activation of NPs, such as formation of a mesoporous surface, structural modifications and the creation of fresh highly-reactive metal oxide surfaces.…”

Recent Developments in Application of Polymeric Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers

“…On the other hand, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [15] and Eudragits ® [10,31] belong to the group of nonbiodegradable synthetic polymeric materials. The -biodegradable natural polymers already used for the preparation of nanoparticulate DDSs include poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) produced by Bacillus subtilis [37], pullulan produced from starch by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans [33], gelatin [6], alginate [9,33], chitosan [15] and its derivatives including N-palmitoyl chitosan [14] or mannosemodified trimethyl chitosan-cysteine (MTC) conjugate [20] and many others [19]. Intriguingly, the widespread application of PLGA results from its relatively inert composition, stable rate of degradation and known degradation products [22], namely lactic acid and glycolic acid [23].…”

“…alveoli [12], high drug encapsulation efficiency [13] and stimuli-responsiveness e.g. to oxidative stress [14] or hypoxia [15]. Furthermore, polymer-based nanocarriers provide high thermodynamic stability to the system [15] and can easily permeate through various biological barriers [16].…”

Luminescent nanocarriers for simultaneous drug or gene delivery and imaging tracking

“…Elevation of the delivery efficiency could be achieved by designing multi-responsive (photo, pH and oxidative stress) nanocarriers [36,37] or targeting the nanocarriers to nucleus [38] (for certain diseases involved with DNA).…”