Nanoparticles skin absorption: New aspects for a safety profile evaluation

Filon, Francesca Larese; Mauro, Marcella; Adami, Gianpiero; Bovenzi, Massimo; Crosera, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.005

Cited by 303 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…These methodologies are considered a reliable model to investigate skin diffusion, even though what happens in real condition can be underestimated. Indeed, in real condition skin permeation could be increased when superficial impairment or skin flexion happened as well as for active transportation [31].…”

Section: In Vitro Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the relevant scientific data on this topic, there is still the need to provide a definite safety profile related to nanoparticles skin exposure [31]. Indeed, notwithstanding the stratum corneum represents the outermost barrier for penetration of exogenous substances, it has to be taken into account that this layer could undergo impairment or disruption upon treatments (i.e., exposure to irritant compounds, solvents or detergents) or age related mechanisms; it is also well known that skin diseases, such as contact dermatitis or erythema, can cause an increase in skin permeability.…”

Section: Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On these bases, it is fundamental to further investigate how nanoparticles size, shape, surface chemistry and charge can affect skin penetration, also in relation to other physical factors concerning the environmental media (temperature, pH, vehicle etc.) [31]. A significant point to take into account is that in vitro alternative methods to animal testing have not yet been validated for nanomaterials, representing an obstacle to the safety assessment of these cosmetics ingredients in the European market.…”

Section: Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

et al. 2017

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Sunscreens are the most common products used for skin protection against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. However, as frequent application is recommended, the use of large amount of sunscreens could reflect in possible systemic absorption and since these preparations are often applied on large skin areas, even low penetration rates can cause a significant amount of sunscreen to enter the body. An ideal sunscreen should have a high substantivity and should neither penetrate the viable epidermis, the dermis and the systemic circulation, nor in hair follicle. The research of methods to assess the degree of penetration of solar filters into the skin is nowadays even more important than in the past, due to the widespread use of nanomaterials and the new discoveries in cosmetic formulation technology. In the present paper, different in vitro studies, published in the last five years, have been reviewed, in order to focus the attention on the different methodological approaches employed to effectively assess the skin permeation and retention of sunscreens.

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Section: In Vitro Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

et al. 2017

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“…Penetration is thought to be affected by various fac-tors, especially by dermal structure and integrity (Brouwer et al, 2016;Crosera et al, 2009). In particular, skin diseases involving barrier alternations, which are common in humans, may alter the penetration of nanoparticles (Avalos et al, 2014;Brouwer et al, 2016;Larese Filon et al, 2015;Rigo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of skin to silver nanoparticles after epidermal skin barrier disruption in rats

Kuwagata

Kumagai

Saito

et al. 2017

Fundam. Toxicol. Sci.

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-To analyze the permeability of rat skin to silver nanoparticles, the dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed to 5 nm Ag nanoparticles or silver nitrate (Ag + ions) percutaneously for 24 hr after disruption of the epidermal barrier by tape stripping (TS) or acetone wiping (AC). Systemic toxicity was examined hematologically and histopathologically, and by assessing blood biochemistry. Although parakeratosis, decrease in keratohyaline granule, and thickening in the epidermis occurred following exposure to both 5 nm Ag nanoparticles and Ag + ions after TS or AC, no Ag-specific changes were observed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed silver in the skin of rats exposed to both 5 nm Ag nanoparticles and Ag + ions after TS or AC. Silver was only detected in the liver of rats exposed to Ag + ions after TS, but not exposed to 5 nm Ag nanoparticles after TS or AC. No abnormal histopathological changes in the liver were observed in all rats. In the blood, silver was below detectable levels in all rats and had no adverse effects on hematology or blood biochemistry. These results indicate that silver ions released from 5 nm Ag nanoparticles can percutaneously infiltrate the body only when the skin barrier is disrupted, but does not induce any acute toxicity.

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“…NPs may access to the brain through nose or passing the bloodbrain barrier. NPs can also penetrate and permeate the skin, mainly if damaged [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Scaled Particles and Fibres Occupational Exposure Assessment: An Integrated Approach from Air Sampling to Skin and Surface Contamination

Prodi¹,

Filon²

2016

Nano BioMed ENG

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Workers may be exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) by inhalation, cutaneous contact and gastroenteric pathways, but today there is no standardized method for either assessing or monitoring the occupational exposure. Moreover, there is no all-in-one assessment strategy, so it is preferable to consider different perspectives. Every assessment should be preceded by a preliminary analysis of the workplace in order to gather useful data on the potential exposure sources, which will help in outlining the assessment strategy. The purpose of air monitoring should be to characterize NP emissions and assess, as a minimum, the mass, particle number concentration, granulometric distribution, specific surface and chemical composition. There are several techniques which may assess these characteristics: the most used in real occupational contexts are mobility particle sizers, particle counters (optical, condensation, etc.), surface area monitors, while personal samplers are promising tools which still have been used almost only in research or controlled contexts. Skin and surfaces may be sampled according to the nature of substances and the circumstances of exposure. Sampling methods can be divided in three main categories: interception (e.g. carbon tabs), removal (e.g. adhesive tape stripping, wiping), in situ methods (e.g. UV fluorescence). Chemical analysis methods (e.g. spectroscopy) and electron microscopy techniques may enhance available data. Considering the available information, we suggest a stepwise approach for risk assessment composed of three steps, starting from a quick and relatively cheap screening method to assess exposure, followed by 2 gradually more accurate but costly approaches to perform whether a significant exposure is detected.

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Nanoparticles skin absorption: New aspects for a safety profile evaluation

Cited by 303 publications

References 118 publications

Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

Cutaneous Permeation and Penetration of Sunscreens: Formulation Strategies and In Vitro Methods

Permeability of skin to silver nanoparticles after epidermal skin barrier disruption in rats

Nano-Scaled Particles and Fibres Occupational Exposure Assessment: An Integrated Approach from Air Sampling to Skin and Surface Contamination

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