Abstract:Evaluation of cytotoxicity, photoluminescence, bio-imaging, and sonosensitizing properties of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) prepared by ultrasound grinding of porous silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have been investigated. SiNWs were formed by metal (silver)-assisted wet chemical etching of heavily boron-doped (100)-oriented single crystalline silicon wafers. The prepared SiNWs and aqueous suspensions of SiNPs exhibit efficient room temperature photoluminescence (PL) in the spectral region of 600 to 1,000 nm that is … Show more
“…Si NWs were fabricated by metal (silver)-assisted chemical etching (MACE) of Si wafers of specific resistivity r = 1-10 mO cm and 10 O cm. 22 Firstly, to form silver NPs on the surface of the Si wafers, they were immersed into a 0.03 M aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and 5 M of HF in a volume ratio of 1 : 1. Secondly, Ag-coated Si wafers were placed into the solution of 5 M HF and 30% H 2 O 2 in the volume ratio 10 : 1 for 1 hour.…”
The development of suitable contrast agents can significantly enhance the efficiency of modern imaging and treatment techniques, such as thermoacoustic (TA) tomography and radio-frequency (RF) hyperthermia of cancer. Here, we examine the heating of aqueous suspensions of silicon (Si) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) under RF irradiation in the MHz frequency range. The heating rate of aqueous suspensions of Si NPs exhibited non-monotonic dependency on the electrical conductivity of the suspension. The experimental results were explained by the mathematical model considering oscillating solvated ions as the main source of Joule heating. These ions could be the product of the dissolution of Si NPs or organic coating of Au NPs. Thus, the ions governed the conductivity of the suspensions, which in turn governs both the heating rate and the near-field RF TA response. The model predicted the contrast in different tissues taking into account both Joule heating and dielectric losses.
“…Si NWs were fabricated by metal (silver)-assisted chemical etching (MACE) of Si wafers of specific resistivity r = 1-10 mO cm and 10 O cm. 22 Firstly, to form silver NPs on the surface of the Si wafers, they were immersed into a 0.03 M aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) and 5 M of HF in a volume ratio of 1 : 1. Secondly, Ag-coated Si wafers were placed into the solution of 5 M HF and 30% H 2 O 2 in the volume ratio 10 : 1 for 1 hour.…”
The development of suitable contrast agents can significantly enhance the efficiency of modern imaging and treatment techniques, such as thermoacoustic (TA) tomography and radio-frequency (RF) hyperthermia of cancer. Here, we examine the heating of aqueous suspensions of silicon (Si) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) under RF irradiation in the MHz frequency range. The heating rate of aqueous suspensions of Si NPs exhibited non-monotonic dependency on the electrical conductivity of the suspension. The experimental results were explained by the mathematical model considering oscillating solvated ions as the main source of Joule heating. These ions could be the product of the dissolution of Si NPs or organic coating of Au NPs. Thus, the ions governed the conductivity of the suspensions, which in turn governs both the heating rate and the near-field RF TA response. The model predicted the contrast in different tissues taking into account both Joule heating and dielectric losses.
“…In addition to microbubbles as the carriers for sonosensitizer molecules, inorganic nanosystems offers alternative and efficient platform for the loading of guest molecules such as sonosensitizers. On this background, silicon (Si) NPs were recently discovered as the efficient sonosensitizer for SDT . Typically, Si NPs were fabricated by a multistep electrochemical and high‐energy milling process ( Figure a) .…”
The fast development of photoactivation for cancer treatment provides an efficient photo-therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, but traditional photodynamic or photothermal therapy suffers from the critical issue of low in vivo penetration depth of tissues. As a non-invasive therapeutic modality, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can break the depth barrier of photoactivation because ultrasound has an intrinsically high tissue-penetration performance. Micro/nanoparticles can efficiently augment the SDT efficiency based on nanobiotechnology. The state-of-art of the representative achievements on micro/nanoparticle-enhanced SDT is summarized, and specific functions of micro/nanoparticles for SDT are discussed, from the different viewpoints of ultrasound medicine, material science and nanobiotechnology. Emphasis is put on the relationship of structure/composition-SDT performance of micro/nanoparticle-based sonosensitizers. Three types of micro/nanoparticle-augmented SDT are discussed, including organic and inorganic sonosensitizers and micro/nanoparticle-based but sonosensitizer-free strategies to enhance the SDT outcome. SDT-based synergistic cancer therapy augmented by micro/nanoparticles and their biosafety are also included. Some urgent critical issues and potential developments of micro/nanoparticle-augmented SDT for efficient cancer treatment are addressed. It is highly expected that micro/nanoparticle-augmented SDT will be quickly developed as a new and efficient therapeutic modality which will find practical applications in cancer treatment. At the same time, fundamental disciplines regarding materials science, chemistry, medicine and nanotechnology will be advanced.
“…Nanostructures can be designed to carry useful payloads that include low-molecular weight chemotherapeutic agents or contrast substances. 20 Moreover, the newly formed structures are able to rapidly detect cancer cells, load multiple anticancer active substances on their surface, and deliver the drugs rapidly to the target cell. 21 In the current research, we aimed to investigate the biodistribution of GNPs capped with Tween ® 20 in vivo, as Tween ® 20 is one of the most efficient coating systems of colloidal Au which is a precursor for conjugation with various drugs used in the clinic.…”
Introduction
The present study aimed at evaluating the biodistribution of Tween
®
20-gold nanoparticle (GNP) conjugates and their potential toxicity on the bone marrow before moving on to Phase I clinical trials.
Materials and methods
Tween
®
20-conjugated GNPs were injected intravenously for 21 days in male Crl:CD1(ICR) mice. Body weight of the mice was evaluated each day. After the sub-chronic Tween
®
20-GNPs administration, blood samples were harvested, and a full blood count was done individually. Total Au quantity from all major organs was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. One femur and the sternum obtained from each animal were used for histological assessment.
Results
Our data showed that the Tween
®
20-GNP conjugates were found in large quantities in the bladder. Au was shown to accumulate in the hematopoietic bone tissue, with significant side effects such as leucopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. The mice had a higher white blood cell and platelet count as opposed to the control group. This suggested that the previously described leukopenic effects of isoflurane were overridden by the leucopoietic effects of Tween
®
20-GNPs.
Conclusion
It was uncertain whether the mice were reactive to Au as it is a foreign substance to the tissues or whether the side effects observed were a precursor condition of a more severe hematological condition. Au was found to be hepatotoxic, urging the need for further studies in order to achieve better in vivo compliance and exploit the immense potential of GNPs in cancer pharmacology.
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