Nanoparticles of volcanic ash as a carrier for toxic elements on the global scale

Ermolin, Mikhail S.; Fedotov, Petr S.; Malik, Natalia; Карандашев, В. К.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.089

“…From 2010-2015, the largest increase in emissions was demonstrated by cement production (6.3%), gold production at a large scale (5.2%) and industrial metal extraction (4.6%). The reductions [37] were in the following elds: dental (-5.6%) and electrical equipment (-5.2%). This nding is consistent with the continued expansion of the global economy but is less than the growth in world GDP over the same period (5.7%/yr), suggesting continuous improvement in pollutant emissions per unit of production.…”

Section: Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury in the terrestrial environment: a review

Gworek¹,

Dmuchowski²,

Baczewska-Dąbrowska

³

2020

Preprint

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Environmental contamination by mercury is and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. Pollution of the terrestrial environment is particularly important as it is a place of human life and food production. Publication presents a review of the literature on issues related to Hg pollution of the terrestrial environment: soil and plants and their transformations. Different forms of atmospheric Hg may be deposited on surfaces by way of wet and dry processes. These forms may be sequestered within terrestrial compartments or emitted back into the atmosphere, and the relative importance of these processes is dependent on the form of Hg, the surface chemistry, and the environmental conditions. On the land surface, Hg deposition mainly occurs in the oxidized form (Hg 2+ ), and its transformations are associated primarily with the oxidation-reduction potential of the environment and the biological and chemical processes of methylation. The deposition of Hg on ground with low vegetation as 3–5 times lower than that in forests. The estimation of Hg emissions from soil and plants, which occur mainly in the Hg 0 form, is very difficult. Generally, the largest amounts of Hg are emitted from tropical regions, and the lowest levels are from the polar regions.

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“…Hg II and Hg p typically amount to < 5% of THg, with Hg° as the most abundant form [34][35][36]. Hg levels in volcanic ash nanoparticles (36 ± 4 mg kg − 1 ) are dramatically higher than their bulk concentrations (0.08 mg kg − 1 ) [37]. Many areas of geothermal activity have long been associated with elevated levels of Hg in the soil and air in places such as Hawaii, Iceland, western parts of the United States and New Zealand [30,38].…”

Section: Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burned soils in Northwestern Ontario (Canada) had 82% less methyl-Hg than fresh soils[80].Mercury In SoilSoil plays an important role in biogeochemical Hg circulation, it accumulates this element, and it is a source for other environmental components. Hg occurs naturally in soils from geologic sources[7] or as the result of natural events such as forest fires and volcanic eruptions[37]. The total amount worldwide of Hg accumulated in the soils of terrestrial environments is estimated at 200-300 Gg[81- 82].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury in the terrestrial environment: a review

Gworek¹,

Dmuchowski²,

Baczewska-Dąbrowska

³

2020

Preprint

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental contamination by mercury is and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. Pollution of the terrestrial environment is particularly important as it is a place of human life and food production. Publication presents a review of the literature on issues related to Hg pollution of the terrestrial environment: soil and plants and their transformations. Different forms of atmospheric Hg may be deposited on surfaces by way of wet and dry processes. These forms may be sequestered within terrestrial compartments or emitted back into the atmosphere, and the relative importance of these processes is dependent on the form of Hg, the surface chemistry, and the environmental conditions. On the land surface, Hg deposition mainly occurs in the oxidized form (Hg 2+ ), and its transformations are associated primarily with the oxidation-reduction potential of the environment and the biological and chemical processes of methylation. The deposition of Hg on ground with low vegetation as 3–5 times lower than that in forests. The estimation of Hg emissions from soil and plants, which occur mainly in the Hg 0 form, is very difficult. Generally, the largest amounts of Hg are emitted from tropical regions, and the lowest levels are from the polar regions.

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“…In the case of volcanic ash, the NPs can act as a carrier for toxic elements on the global scale [12,13].…”

Section: Examples Of Human Exposure To Nps and Routes Of Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A human whole-blood model to study the activation of innate immunity system triggered by nanoparticles as a demonstrator for toxicity

Ekdahl

¹

,

Fromell²,

Mohlin

³

et al. 2019

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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In this review article, we focus on activation of the soluble components of the innate immune system triggered by nonbiological compounds and stress variances in activation due to the difference in size between nanoparticles (NPs) and larger particles or bulk material of the same chemical and physical composition. We then discuss the impact of the so-called protein corona which is formed on the surface of NPs when they come in contact with blood or other body fluids. For example, NPs which bind inert proteins, proteins which are prone to activate the contact system (e.g., factor XII), which may lead to clotting and fibrin formation or the complement system (e.g., IgG or C3), which may result in inflammation and vascular damage. Furthermore, we describe a whole blood model which we have developed to monitor activation and interaction between different components of innate immunity: blood protein cascade systems, platelets, leukocytes, cytokine generation, which are induced by NPs. Finally, we describe our own studies on innate immunity system activation induced by three fundamentally different species of NPs (two types of engineered NPs and diesel NPs) as demonstrator of the utility of an initial determination of the composition of the protein corona formed on NPs exposed to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma and subsequent analysis in our whole blood model.

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Nanoparticles of volcanic ash as a carrier for toxic elements on the global scale

Cited by 77 publications

References 28 publications

Mercury in the terrestrial environment: a review

Mercury in the terrestrial environment: a review

Mercury in the terrestrial environment: a review

A human whole-blood model to study the activation of innate immunity system triggered by nanoparticles as a demonstrator for toxicity

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