Nanoparticles mediated cadmium toxicity amelioration in plants

Abstract

Application of nanoparticles to address various environmental issues; especially heavy metal contaminated soil restoration is of global interest. Indiscriminate usage of phosphate fertilizer and other anthropogenic activities contribute to Cd contamination of soil, resulting in degradation of soil quality and low crop yield. By the virtue of unique physiochemical characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) are effective enough for heavy metal stress mitigation. This review has focused on Cd uptake, accumulation and toxicity in plants followed by the successful application of different metallic and non metallic NPs for soil Cd decontamination. Positive impact of NPs as plant growth elicitor under Cd stress has been explored here. Various ways of NP application (soil, foliar, hydroponics), uptake, mode of action and effective treatment concentration have been highlighted. We have collected handful information regarding the use of NPs as nanofertilizer and nanopesticides. The negative effects of NPs have not been considered here. More in depth study to be conducted for better illumination on plant - NPs interaction, mobilization mechanism and biological activities. Though this review summarizes few facts among various aspect of NP but can be counted as a supportive documentation for the better use of NPs in environmental protection in future.

Root Exposure of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) Modulates Metabolite Profile and Endophytic Bacterial Community to Alleviate Cadmium- and Arsenate-Induced Phytotoxicity to Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…However, the efficacy of g-C 3 N 4 in metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural soil remains unknown, as is the associated mechanisms of action. In comparison with a hydroponic system, soil provides a more realistic environment for plant growth upon coexposure to g-C 3 N 4 and metal(loid)s. The potential interaction of g-C 3 N 4 and soil altered plant nutrient and metal(loid) uptake and subsequently affected metal(loid)-induced phytotoxicity . Also, in the soil environment, the key role of endophytic bacteria against metal(loid) stresses was greatly amplified because most of the functional endophytes in plants were mainly from the soil microbial community .…”

“…In comparison with a hydroponic system, soil provides a more realistic environment for plant growth upon coexposure to g-C 3 N 4 and metal(loid)s. The potential interaction of g-C 3 N 4 and soil altered plant nutrient and metal(loid) uptake and subsequently affected metal(loid)-induced phytotoxicity. 25 Also, in the soil environment, the key role of endophytic bacteria against metal(loid) stresses was greatly amplified because most of the functional endophytes in plants were mainly from the soil microbial community. 26 Thus, changes in the rice endophyte community upon coexposure to g-C 3 N 4 and metal(loid)s are critical to understanding the potential alleviating effects of g-C 3 N 4 on metal(loid)-induced phytotoxicity.…”