Nanoparticles, Lung Injury, and the Role of Oxidant Stress

Abstract

The emergence of engineered nanoscale materials has provided significant advancements in electronic, biomedical, and material science applications. Both engineered nanoparticles and nanoparticles derived from combustion or incidental processes exhibit a range of physical and chemical properties, which have been shown to induce inflammation and oxidative stress in biologic systems. Oxidative stress reflects the imbalance between the generation of reaction oxygen species (ROS) and the biochemical mechanisms to detoxify and repair resulting damage of reactive intermediates. This review examines current research incidental and engineered nanoparticles in terms of their health effects on the lungs and mechanisms by which oxidative stress via physicochemical characteristics influence toxicity or biocompatibility. Although oxidative stress has generally been thought of as an adverse biological outcome, this review will also briefly discuss some of the potential emerging technologies to use nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress to treat disease in a site specific fashion.

Automobile diesel exhaust particles induce lipid droplet formation in macrophages in vitro

“…This indicated that particle exposure could induce a transient production of ROS after 3 h, but an adaptive response to oxidative stress could be induced after a longer exposure period. Our result is also in keeping with a current hypothesis describing a hierarchical tiered oxidative stress response that minor oxidative stress induces defense mechanisms; whereas higher levels initiate specific signaling pathways that lead to injury and cytotoxicity (Madl et al, 2014).…”

“…4). Other studies have shown that exposure to PM induced oxidative stress, which generally is considered to play an important role in PM induced toxicity Madl et al, 2014) and adverse vascular effects (Araujo and Nel, 2009;Donaldson et al, 2013;Miller et al, 2012;Shrey et al, 2011). Previous work also showed that exposure to 100 g/ml, but not lower concentrations of DEP SRM 2975, significantly induced ROS in THP-1 macrophages (Jantzen et al, 2012).…”

Differential Mobility Particle Sizers for Nanoparticle Characterization

“…In addition to their potential impact on the environment and public health, nanoparticles play important roles in diverse fields of applications. Example applications of nanoparticles have been reviewed from various perspectives [1][2][3][4][5]. Properties of nanoparticles are strongly dependent on their physical sizes.…”

Characterization of pulmonary protein profiles in response to zinc oxide nanoparticles in mice: a 24-hour and 28-day follow-up study

“…The neurotrophins, a family of closely related proteins, were initially identified as survival factors for sensory and sympathetic neurons. 40 Neurotrophins are also related to survival, development, and functioning of neurons in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. 40 Disruption of cellular 41 This effect might be associated with the balance in the biological levels of zinc ions.…”

“…40 Neurotrophins are also related to survival, development, and functioning of neurons in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. 40 Disruption of cellular 41 This effect might be associated with the balance in the biological levels of zinc ions. Glutathione metabolism and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 are important pathways in regulation of oxidative stress in cells.…”