“…Because of their multiple special characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) are applied in many industries, such as agriculture (Acharya et al, 2020;Adisa et al, 2020;Faizan et al, 2020), medicine (Patra et al, 2018;Shende et al, 2021), cosmetology (Pastrana et al, 2018), industry (Ali et al, 2021;Ameta et al, 2020), etc. However, large-scale synthesis and application of NPs cause a threat of adverse consequences of their release into the environment (Rajput, Minkina, Fedorenko, et al, 2021;Rajput, Minkina, Kumari, et al, 2021;Ranjan et al, 2021;Shende et al, 2021). Once in the soil, NPs change its fertility, the population of soil microflora, as well as physiology and metabolism of important plants (Ali et al, 2021;Iqbal et al, 2019;Rai & Ingle, 2012;.…”