Nanoparticles induce genetic, biochemical, and ultrastructure variations in Salvadora persica callus

Abstract

Background Salvadora persica is an endangered medicinal plant due to difficulties in its traditional propagation. It is rich in bioactive compounds that possess many pharmaceutical, antimicrobial activities and widely used in folk medicine. The current study aims at in vitro propagation of Salvadora persica and the application of different nanoparticles (NPs) to induce the synthesis of bioactive and secondary metabolites within the plant. The cellular and genetic responses to the application of different NPs were evaluated. Results The impact of nanoparticles NPs (ZnO, SiO2, and Fe3O4) on callus growth of Salvadora persica and the production of its active constituent benzyl isothiocyanate was examined, regarding some oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, and genetic variabilities. An encouraging impact of 0.5 mg/l ZnO NPs on benzyl isothiocyanate production was shown reaching up to 0.905 mg/g callus fresh weight in comparison to 0.539 mg/g in control callus. This was associated with decreasing hydrogen peroxide content and increasing superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. The deposition of the NPs on cellular organelles was detected using a transmission microscope. Fifteen Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers detected an overall, 79.1% polymorphism among different treatments. A reduction in genomic DNA template stability (GTS) was made and was more pronounced in higher doses of different NPs. Conclusion This study is a stepping stone in developing a productive protocol for in vitro production of benzyl isothiocyanate from Salvadora persica using NPs as a valuable anticancer compound.

Phytochemical Analysis of Maerua oblongifolia, and Assessment of the Genetic Stability of M. oblongifolia under In Vitro Nanoparticles Exposure

“…Slight polymorphisms were generated in plant shoots at the application of the highest doses in both Ag (40 and 50 mg/L) and ZnO (20 mg/L) nanoparticles. The obtained low polymorphisms in this study are comparable to that observed in peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) [59] and Salvadora persica L. [60]. The polymorphisms that occurred thus might be due to the high concentrations of Ag and ZnO NPs, which caused the genotoxic or mutagenic effects [61].…”

Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Impact on Growth, Yield, Some Biochemical and Molecular Markers in Silybium Marianum

“…In general, the size of NPs has been shown to have an inverse connection with genotoxicity, but exposure length and concentration have a direct association. According to Fouda et al (2021) worked on Salvadora persica and like this study on S. marianum, the modifications in the ISSR profile showed that the NPs applied doses generated genetic variation that was dose and NP type dependent. The emergence of new synthesized DNA bands in the ISSR profile and the absence of normal ones can be defined as a mutation, which is most likely caused by DNA damage or rearrangements caused by NP induced genetic variation.…”

“…Inter simple sequence (ISSR DNA) technique has been successfully employed by many authors to confirm genetic uniformity on wheat subjected to several types of NPs and abiotic stress (Mahdi, 2017and Fouda et al, 2021 on wheat and Salvadora persica. This technique was performed to evaluate the effect of different nanomaterials and substrates on the genetic material of S. marianum cultivated plants in comparison to control.…”

Effect of Nano-Chitosan Encapsulated With Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione on Some Biomolecules of Sunflower Under Saline Stress Conditions

“…Despite exposure time and concentration have a direct correlation, it has been demonstrated that NP size generally has an inverse relationship with genotoxicity as in this investigation on sunflower plants. Fouda et al (2021) worked on Salvadora persica, and the changes in the ISSR profile revealed that the NPs administered doses created genetic variation that was not beneficial.…”