Nanoparticles in the New Era of Cardiovascular Therapeutics: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although a cadre of therapeutic strategies have been made available for CVDs in the clinical setting, predominantly through medication and surgery, these do not fully address the clinical needs of patients with CVD. As a new technique for CVD treatment, nanocarriers are employed to modify and package medications to ease the targeting of tissues, cells and molecules within the cardiovascular system. Nanocarriers are made of biomaterials, metals, or a combination of these materials, with sizes similar to bioactive molecules such as proteins and DNA. Cardiovascular nanomedicine (CVN) has only surfaced in recent years and is still in its infancy. Ample studies have displayed promise for the clinical utility of nanomedicine techniques, courtesy of continued perfection in nanocarrier design to optimize drug delivery and treatment outcomes. Here in this review, we will summarize the research advances in the literature on nanoparticles in the management of CVDs, including ischemic and coronary heart disease (e.g., atherosclerosis, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, aortic aneurysm, myocarditis, hypertension, and pulmonary artery hypertension and thrombosis.

In Vitro Study of Composite Cements on Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Palatal Origin

“…Since biological structures are nanostructured, the functionalization materials must also be nanostructured for a better physical match. Therefore, particles intended for functionalization must be situated in the size range of 1 to 100 nm [ 30 ] and have the ability to increase the material’s biocompatibility [ 31 ]. A wide variety of nanoparticles have the potential to inhibit some of the cytotoxic effects of materials destined for biological purposes.…”

Biomimetic nanomaterials in myocardial infarction treatment: Harnessing bionic strategies for advanced therapeutics

“…Unfortunately, NPs still present significant challenges in translating into clinical practice [ 151 ]. Firstly, scalable isolation and purification processes for exosomes, a type of NP, are lacking.…”

Bioactive Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Distinctive Platform to Diagnosis and Treat Vascular Diseases

“…The advent of nanomaterials provides a new opportunity for tackling VDs, which could improve the treatment efficacy of drugs via prolonging circulation time and reducing systemic cytotoxicity. [147,148] Compared with other nanomaterials, MOFs show advantages in high porosity, multiple functionalities, and tunable structure. More importantly, MOFs also could be rendered as a metal ion storage library apart from serving as simple delivery vectors, which plays an important role in regulating the cells behaviors.…”