Nanoparticles vs. biofilms: a battle against another paradigm of antibiotic resistance

Abstract

Microbes form surface adherent community structures called biofilms and these biofilms play a critical role in infection. Biofilms impart antibiotic resistance and sometimes become recalcitrant to host immune system. It has reported by the National Institutes of Health that more than 80% of the bacterial infections caused by biofilms formation. Such kind of infection is also prevalent in biomedical devices which becomes a source of infection.The treatment of biofilm mediated infections is a big challenge that requires more sensitive and effective antibiofilm strategies for their removal. Nanoparticles targeted antibiofilm therapy has gained tremendous impetus in last decade due to their unique features. These are wonder particles having a wide spectrum biological applications and among these there antibiofilm activity is significantly useful. These particles are reactive entities and can easily infiltrate into the matrix which acts as a barrier for many antibiotics. Biomedical surfaces are also nano-functionalized by coating, impregnation or embedding nanomaterials to prevent biofilm formation. The study of interaction between nanoparticles and biofilm can provide us more insights about the mechanism of biofilm regulation. In this review article several classes of NPs effective against a broad range of microbial biofilms, both in vivo and in vitro are described. The application of nanoparticles against biofilm will help to fight resistant infections and will share its role in improving human health in the future.

Potentiation of Tobramycin by Silver Nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

“…This suggests that tobramycin has better in vitro inhibitory effects against planktonic cells and preformed biofilms than aztreonam. The MIC and MBEC values for the differentsized AgNPs reported here (Table 1) were similar to those reported previously for PAO1 (11,27,30,40,41). Specific combinations of tobramycin and AgNPs were effective at reducing both biofilm biomass and viability, with the smaller 10-nm and 20-nm AgNPs providing the most synergy against planktonic and biofilm cultures.…”

Antiplanktonic, antibiofilm, antiswarming motility and antiquorum sensing activities of green synthesized Ag–TiO2, TiO2–Ag, Ag–Cu and Cu–Ag nanocomposites against multi-drug-resistant bacteria

“…Among them, noble metal ions specifically silver ions and NPs have antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-QS activities. MNPs have unique properties compared to bulk materials, which can penetrate and damage biofilm by release of ions [7]. Also, bimetallic NPs including NCs have been obtained more attention than single metallic NPs due to various applications in electronic, optic, catalysts, biomedicine and other industrial fields.…”

Evolving Technologies and Strategies for Combating Antibacterial Resistance in the Advent of the Postantibiotic Era

“…The high surface area‐to‐volume ratio of NPs potentiates new physical (such as mechanical, optical, and electrical) and chemical properties, and enables intimate interaction between the microbial membranes and the surface of the NPs,35 which can furthermore be flexibly fine‐tuned by surface functionalization methods. NPs can exert antibacterial activity through variable mechanisms, such as direct interaction with the cell wall, inhibition of biofilm production, triggering of both innate and adaptive immune responses, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induction of intracellular events (interaction with DNA hinder protein function) as presented Figure .36…”

“…Schematic depicting of the antibacterial action modes of nanoparticles. Reproduced by permission 36. Copyright 2016, The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”