Nanoparticles: Definition, Classification and General Physical Properties

Strambeanu, Nicolae; Demetrovici, Laurentiu; Dragoş, Dan; Lungu, Mihai

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11728-7_1

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…With respect to the physical and chemical properties, these span through shape, size, structure, quantum confinement, lattice parameter and symmetry, charge, solubility, and surface coating [19][20][21]. The enhanced physiochemical properties and superior performance of nanoparticles is mainly based on the overriding effect of surface forces from the particles atomic scale size rather than the mass forces.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Nanoscale metals suitable for delineation of ore deposits during geochemical exploration [1,19,48] Exploration…”

Section: Drilling and Completionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Enhances improved gas streams separation and for contamination removal from oil [1,19,47] Table 1. Nanostructured material applications for smart field development in the oil and gas industry.…”

Section: Eor Npmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been reported [17,18] that nanoparticles are suitable filler materials for improving the mechanical properties of composites. The addition of small amount of rattan nanoparticles (0-5%) to polymer matrix (polypropylene) as fillers enhanced the mechanical performance of composites.With respect to the physical and chemical properties, these span through shape, size, structure, quantum confinement, lattice parameter and symmetry, charge, solubility, and surface coating [19][20][21]. The enhanced physiochemical properties and superior performance of nanoparticles is mainly based on the overriding effect of surface forces from the particles atomic scale size rather than the mass forces.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Realistic Look at Nanostructured Material as an Innovative Approach for Enhanced Oil Recovery Process Upgrading

Nwidee¹,

Barifcani²,

Lebedev³

et al. 2018

Recent Insights in Petroleum Science and Engineering

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With the continuous rise in energy demand and decline in reserves, the Petroleum Industries are constantly in search of inventive and novel approaches to optimize hydrocarbon recovery despite several decades of deployment of conventional and enhanced strategies. This chapter presents an in-depth analysis of nanomaterial (nanoparticles), their unique characteristics and potentials in relation to smart field development, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO 2 geosequestration. The particles surface functionalities, unique size dependent property, adsorption, and transport behavior were scrutinized. The materials precise role in enhancing reservoir parameters that influences rock-fluid interactions, and reservoir fluid distribution and displacement such as permeability, wettability, interfacial tension, and asphaltene aggregate growth inhibition were evaluated. The study argues that the application of nanoparticle based fluids as novel EOR approach offers more holistic measures, potentials, and opportunities than micro and macro particles and can stimulate the continuous evolution of EOR processes even under harsh reservoir conditions, thus, offering better benefits over conventional surface-active agents. We believe this study will significantly impact the understanding of EOR with respect to nanoparticles, which is crucial for augmenting reservoir processes and to accelerate the realization of nanoparticles for EOR and CO 2 sequestration processes at industrial scale.Keywords: EOR, nanoparticles, adsorption, Asphaltene, wettability, IFT, permeability, viscosity, CO 2 © 2018 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. OverviewIt is a fact that the period of cheap hydrocarbon recovery is waning as hydrocarbons are currently been explored in remote regions under harsh reservoir conditions. The accessible hydrocarbon resources are constantly declining with a corresponding increase in energy demand which invariably contributes to the price irregularities in the oil and gas industry. Globally, the growth in energy demand appears to be predominant amidst feasible unconventional energy options (renewable energy). Unarguably, newer energy sources, such as nuclear, wind, geo-thermal and solar are effective measures for addressing energy shortage. However, they are yet to be ample alternatives for substituting the role of oil in meeting the ever-rising energy demand. To date, these demands are currently being substantiated via hydrocarbon sources especially petroleum -oil is still the most valuable product with great global economic impact. Currently, diverse conventional strategies (waterflooding), and enhanced methods (use of chemicals, gases, and microbes) are been deployed in oil fields, regardless, these challenges persist. More efficient, yet cost-effective, environmenta...

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Section: Characteristics Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Nanoscale metals suitable for delineation of ore deposits during geochemical exploration [1,19,48] Exploration…”

Section: Drilling and Completionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eor Npmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Realistic Look at Nanostructured Material as an Innovative Approach for Enhanced Oil Recovery Process Upgrading

Nwidee¹,

Barifcani²,

Lebedev³

et al. 2018

Recent Insights in Petroleum Science and Engineering

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“…One of the unique properties of nanoparticles is that their physical and chemical properties depend on their size, in contrast to conventional chemicals whose physical and chemical properties do not change irrespective of size (Strambeanu et al, 2015). For example, consider surface area.…”

Section: Challenges For Nanoparticle Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical modelling of variability and uncertainty in risk assessment of nanoparticles

Jacobs

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Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are used everywhere and have large technological and economic potential. Like all novel materials, however, ENPs have no history of safe use.Insight into risks of nanotechnology and the use of nanoparticles is an essential condition for the societal acceptance and safe use of nanotechnology.Risk assessment of ENPs has been hampered by lack of knowledge about ENPs, their environmental fate, toxicity, testing considerations, characterisation of nanoparticles and human and environmental exposures and routes. This lack of knowledge results in uncertainty in the risk assessment. Moreover, due to the novelty of nanotechnology, risk assessors are often confronted with small samples of data on which to perform a risk assessment. Dealing with this uncertainty and the small sample sizes are main challenges when it comes to risk assessment of ENPs. The objectives of this thesis are (i) to perform a transparent risk assessment of nanoparticles in the face of large uncertainty in such a way that it can guide future research to reduce the uncertainty and (ii) to evaluate empirical and parametric methods to estimate the risk probability in the case of small sample sizes.To address the first objective, I adapted an existing Integrated Probabilistic Risk Assessment (IPRA) method for use in nanoparticle risk assessment. In IPRA, statistical distributions and bootstrap methods are used to quantify uncertainty and variability in the risk assessment in a two-dimensional Monte Carlo algorithm. This method was applied in a human health (nanosilica in food) and an environmental (nanoT iO 2 in water) risk context. I showed that IPRA leads to a more transparent risk assessment and can direct further environmental and toxicological research to the areas in which it is most needed.For the second objective, I addressed the problem of small sample size of the critical effect concentration (CEC) in the estimation of R = P (E xpC > C EC ), where E xpC is the exposure concentration. First I assumed normality and investigated various parametric and non-parametric estimators. I found that, compared to the non-parametric estimators, the parametric estimators enable us to better estimate and bound the risk when sample sizes and/or small risks are small. Moreover, the Bayesian estimator out-ABSTRACT performed the maximum likelihood estimators in terms of coverage and interval lengths.Second, I relaxed the normality assumption for the tails of the exposure and effect distributions. I developed a mixture model to estimate the risk, R = P (E xpC > C EC ), with the assumption of a normal distribution for the bulk data and generalised Pareto distributions for the tails. A sensitivity analysis showed significant influence of the tail heaviness on the risk probability, R, especially for low risks.In conclusion, to really be able to focus the research into the risks of ENPs to the most needed areas, probabilistic methods as used and developed in this thesis need to be implemented on a larger scale. With these methods,...

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CARBON DOTS: Bioimaging and Anticancer Drug Delivery

Bartkowski,

Zhou,

Nabil Amin Mustafa

et al. 2024

Chemistry A European J

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Cancer, responsible for approximately 10 million lives annually, urgently requires innovative treatments, as well as solutions to mitigate the limitations of traditional chemotherapy, such as long‐term adverse side effects and multidrug resistance. This review focuses on Carbon Dots (CDs), an emergent class of nanoparticles (NPs) with remarkable physicochemical and biological properties, and their burgeoning applications in bioimaging and as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. The review initiates with an overview of NPs as nanocarriers, followed by an in‐depth look into the biological barriers that could affect their distribution, from barriers to administration, to intracellular trafficking. It explores CDs' synthesis, both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches, and their notable biocompatibility, supported by a selection of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies. Special attention is given to CDs' role in bioimaging, highlighting their optical properties. The discussion extends to their emerging significance as drug carriers, particularly in the delivery of doxorubicin and other anticancer agents, underscoring recent advancements and challenges in this field with examples of other promising bioapplications, emergent owing to the NPs flexible design. As research on CDs evolves, we envisage key challenges, as well as the potential of CD‐based systems in bioimaging and cancer therapy.

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Nanoparticles: Definition, Classification and General Physical Properties

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

A Realistic Look at Nanostructured Material as an Innovative Approach for Enhanced Oil Recovery Process Upgrading

A Realistic Look at Nanostructured Material as an Innovative Approach for Enhanced Oil Recovery Process Upgrading

Statistical modelling of variability and uncertainty in risk assessment of nanoparticles

CARBON DOTS: Bioimaging and Anticancer Drug Delivery

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