Nanoparticles based therapeutic efficacy against Acanthamoeba: Updates and future prospect

Sharma, Geetansh; Kalra, Samir Kumar; Tejan, Nidhi; Ghoshal, Ujjala

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108008

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely tested and found to be effective against viruses and bacteria [ 15 ]. Recently, we proposed silver nanoparticles as a novel approach in Acanthamoeba keratitis therapy and prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It includes a process of disruption of the cell membrane structure, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to interrupt respiratory chain enzymes inside the cell, the disturbance of the DNA replication process, and the inhibition of ATP-dependent (adenosine triphosphate-dependent) protein synthesis. The recognition of NPs by cells as a cell-surface receptor makes them an ideal drug carrier [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely tested against a broad range of pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Contact Lens Solutions May Reduce the Risk of Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Hendiger

Padzik

Sifaoui³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), a severe sight-threatening corneal infection, has become a significant medical problem, especially among contact lens wearers. The disease manifests as eye pain, congestion, blurred vision, lachrymation, and ring-shaped infiltrates of the cornea, and can lead to permanent blindness. Inappropriate habits of contact lens users may result in an increased risk of AK infection. The anti-amoebic efficiency of popular multipurpose contact lens solutions is insufficient to reduce this risk. An effective and non-toxic therapy against AK has not yet been developed. The prevention of AK is crucial to reduce the number of AK infections. Nanoparticles are known to be active agents against bacteria, viruses, and fungi and were also recently tested against protozoa, including Acanthamoeba spp. In our previous studies, we proved the anti-amoebic and anti-adhesive activity of silver nanoparticles against Acanthamoeba castellanii. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity, cytotoxicity, and anti-adhesive properties of silver nanoparticles conjugated with five commonly used multipurpose contact lens solutions against the Acanthamoeba castellanii NEFF strain. The obtained results show a significant increase in anti-amoebic activity, without increasing the overall cytotoxicity, of Solo Care Aqua and Opti Free conjugated with nanoparticles. The adhesion of Acanthamoeba trophozoites to the contact lens surface is also significantly reduced. We conclude that low concentrations of silver nanoparticles can be used as an ingredient in contact lens solutions to decrease the risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Contact Lens Solutions May Reduce the Risk of Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Hendiger

Padzik

Sifaoui³

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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“…However, it is worth noting that despite their outstanding advantages, NPs still have some disadvantages. Of note, selected metal NPs have cytotoxic effects that may be due to disruption of cellular compartments, generation of reactive oxygen species and immune reactions (Sharma et al 2020). High levels of orally administered AgNPs has been mostly linked with faecal elimination (Bergin et al 2016), while high concentrations of intraperitoneally or orally administered AuNPs has been associated with decrease in red blood cells, spleen index and body weight (Zhang et al 2010).…”

Section: Drawbacks Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prolonged oral dosage of mice with zinc oxide NPs resulted in cardiac damage (Kasra et al 2015), but considering that human cells have mechanisms that regulate the concentrations of zinc, the toxicity of zinc oxide NPs might be limited (Sánchez-López et al 2020). On the other hand, these limitations of NPs may be lowered through techniques, such as surface modifications (Sharma et al 2020).…”

Section: Drawbacks Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanovehicles in the improved treatment of infections due to brain-eating amoebae

et al. 2021

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Pathogenic free-living amoebae are known to cause fatal central nervous system infections with extremely high mortality rates. High selectivity of the blood-brain barrier hampers delivery of drugs and untargeted delivery of drugs can cause severe side effects. Nanovehicles can be used for targeted drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Inorganic nanoparticles have been explored as carriers for various biomedical applications and can be modified with various ligands for efficient targeting and cell selectivity while lipid-based nanoparticles have been extensively used in the development of both precision and colloidal nanovehicles. Nanomicelles and polymeric nanoparticles can also serve as nanocarriers and may be modified so that responsiveness of the nanoparticles and release of the loads are linked to specific stimuli. These nanoparticles are discussed here in the context of the treatment of central nervous system infections due to pathogenic amoebae. It is anticipated that these novel strategies can be utilized in tandem with novel drug leads currently in the pipeline and yield in the development of much needed treatments against these devastating parasites.

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“…Acanthamoeba has the capacity to cause severe infections among immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised individuals [4]. The infections caused by Acanthamoeba include Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) among healthy individuals, especially those wearing contact lenses, and a life threatening Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) infection of the central nervous system (CNS) among immunocompromised population [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acanthamoeba Keratitis, Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment

et al. 2021

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Acanthamoeba keratitis is an unusual corneal infection that is recently increasing in frequency and is often contracted by contact lens wearers, someone who experienced recent eye trauma, or someone exposed to contaminated waters. Acanthamoeba survive in air, soil, dust, and water. Therefore, eye trauma and poor contact lens hygiene practices lead to the entrapment of debris and thus infection. Acanthamoeba keratitis results in severe eye pain, inflammation, and defects of the epithelium and stroma that can potentially result in vision loss if not diagnosed early and treated promptly. The disease can be diagnosed using corneal scrape/biopsy, polymerase chain reactions, impression cytology, or in vivo confocal microscopy. Once diagnosed, it is usually treated with an antimicrobial combination therapy of biguanide and aromatic diadine eye drops for several months. Advanced stages of the disease result in vision loss and the need for corneal transplants. Avoiding the risk factors and diagnosing the disease early are the most effective ways to combat Acanthamoeba keratitis.

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Nanoparticles based therapeutic efficacy against Acanthamoeba: Updates and future prospect

Cited by 28 publications

References 94 publications

Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Contact Lens Solutions May Reduce the Risk of Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Contact Lens Solutions May Reduce the Risk of Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Nanovehicles in the improved treatment of infections due to brain-eating amoebae

Acanthamoeba Keratitis, Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment

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