Nanoparticles based on sodium alginate and β-conglycinin: Self-assembly and delivery of Phyllanthus urinaria phenolic compounds

Abstract

Nanoparticles based on sodium alginate (SA) and β‐conglycinin (7S) were self‐assembled according to the electrostatic interaction principle. The self‐assembly parameters optimized by response surface methodology were total concentration of 7S and SA of 6.0 mg/ml, 7S to SA mass ratio of 1.85:1, and pH of 2.5. Phyllanthus urinaria phenolic compounds were loaded into the nanoparticles according to the optimized parameters. The phenolic compounds‐loaded nanoparticles characterized by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analyzer showed that they had a spherical shape with the average size was around 125 nm. Infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that there were intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the nanoparticles, and the phenolic compounds were successfully encapsulated. The phenolic compounds released from the nanoparticles had good antioxidant activity, and their cumulative release percentage at pH 7.4 was higher than that at pH 1.2. The release kinetics of phenolic compounds showed a pH‐dependent release profile and a Fickian diffusion mechanism. Practical applications Phenolic compounds from Phyllanthus urinaria have excellent bioactivities and have been proven that there are numerous benefits for body. However, the applications of the phenolic compounds are limited because of their chemical instability against environmental conditions. Nanoencapsulation technology is a promising approach to solve this problem. This work aimed at encapsulating the phenolic compounds into nanoparticles by self‐assembly method for the improvement of bioavailability and the applications of food industry.

Extraction optimization and antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus urinaria polysaccharides

“…Phyllanthus urinaria is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Euphorbiaceae, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries (Liu et al, 2018(Liu et al, , 2019. Historically, Phyllanthus urinaria is used as a folk medicine for its good biological activities such as antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities (Hau et al, 2009;Lin et al, 2008).…”

“…Phyllanthus urinaria contains a variety of active ingredients, mainly including lignans, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids (Geethangili & Ding, 2018;Mediani et al, 2015). At present, the research of Phyllanthus urinaria is mainly focused on the extraction of bioactive substances (Liu et al, 2018), the microencapsulation of bioactive substances (Lam et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2019), and the study of antiviral, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antioxidative, antihypertensive, thrombolytic and antimicrobial effects of phenolic compounds (Du et al, 2018;Geethangili & Ding, 2018). In recent years, functional polysaccharides have become a research hotspot due to their good biological activity (Jiang et al, 2019).…”

Preparation, characterization, and properties of wampee seed antioxidant peptides‐iron chelate

“…The FTIR spectra of the WSAP‐iron chelate and WSAP are depicted in Figure 3a. The WSAP's characteristic absorption peaks at 3381, 2946, 1649, 1531, 1458, 1234, and 1099 cm −1 are attributed to N–H stretching vibrations of amide A band, –NH 3+ and O–H asymmetric stretching vibrations of amide B band, C=O stretching vibrations of amide I band, N–H stretching vibrations of amide II band, –COO − stretching vibrations of the carboxyl group, C–H stretching vibrations of amide III band, and C–O stretching vibrations of the carboxyl group, respectively (Caetano‐Silva et al, 2017; Liu et al, 2019b). After chelation, the amide A band moves to 3406 cm −1 , confirming the chelate's Fe–N bond formation (Zhou et al, 2012).…”

Biopolymer nanoparticles: a strategy to enhance stability, bioavailability, and biological effects of phenolic compounds as functional ingredients

“…These systems have been shown to improve the bioactivity of compounds in different contexts, such as the enhancement of anticariogenic and antibacterial potential, 72 improvement of the wound healing process through the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers, 69 and improvement in antioxidant activity. 68 Gelatin is a biopolymer widely used as encapsulating material of phenolics, which has been shown to improve the biological activity of these bioactive molecules by increasing their bioavailability at the action site while exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. Nanoparticles of rutin-loaded gelatin, in comparison to free rutin solution, showed an increase in radical scavenging activity by 74% after solar simulator irradiation, demonstrating also excellent skin compatibility properties.…”

“…Different phenolic compounds have been loaded into polymeric nanoparticles as delivery systems. These systems have been shown to improve the bioactivity of compounds in different contexts, such as the enhancement of anticariogenic and antibacterial potential, 72 improvement of the wound healing process through the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers, 69 and improvement in antioxidant activity 68 …”