Nanoparticles-based delivery system and its potentials in treating central nervous system disorders

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), have become severe health concern worldwide. The treatment of the CNS diseases is of great challenges due largely to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). On the one hand, BBB protects brain from the harmful exogenous molecules via inhibiting their entry into the brain. On the other hand, it also hampers the transport of therapeutic drugs into the brain, resulting in the difficulties in treating the CNS diseases. In the past decades, nanoparticles-based drug delivery systems have shown great potentials in overcoming the BBB owing to their unique physicochemical properties, such as small size and specific morphology. In addition, functionalization of nanomaterials confers these nanocarriers controlled drug release features and targeting capacities. These properties make nanocarriers the potent delivery systems for treating the CNS disorders. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in nanoparticles-based systems for the CNS delivery, including the conventional and innovative systems. The prerequisites, drawbacks and challenges of nanocarriers (such as protein corona formation) in the CNS delivery are also discussed.

Formulation and Evaluation of PLGA Nanoparticulate-Based Microneedle System for Potential Treatment of Neurological Diseases

“…A Nanoscale brain-targeted drug delivery system is a new type of nano drug delivery system, which can target drugs specifically to diseased tissues, organs, and even cells, with the characteristics of low dosage, high efficacy, and low toxic side effects, and the drug delivery method and speed can be easily controlled. 37 However, for effective brain drug delivery, crossing the blood-brain barrier is only the first step, how the delivery system transports the drug within the brain to its target pathological site should also consider various mechanisms such as CNS solute clearance of nanoparticles, easy aggregation of nanocarriers, for example, liposomes remain confined to the stratum corneum in the skin, 38 and also because of their small size, they will remain in the distal part of the circulatory system and enter the nucleus to cause DNA damage, 39 which will affect the effectiveness and safety of the drug.…”

Biomimetic nanodrug blocks CD73 to inhibit adenosine and boosts antitumor immune response synergically with photothermal stimulation

“…The cross-linking of chitosan can form nanogel which is suitable for drug loading with enhanced penetration ability and controlled release behavior. However, the clearance and safety of chitosan nanoparticles in the vasculature system are still issues need to be considered due to the abundant amino group and positive charge in the surface [ 33 – 35 ]. Biomimetic camouflage with cell membrane, e.g.…”

Revealing Population Heterogeneity in Vesicle-Based Nanomedicines Using Automated, Single Particle Raman Analysis

“…Nanoformulations hold the potential to revolutionize drug delivery due to their improved biostability, biodistribution and targeting potential compared to traditional small molecule drugs. − In vivo nanomedicine behaviors, such as pharmacokinetics and toxicity, are strongly influenced by nanoparticle physiochemical properties, which in turn depend on the underlying heterogeneous nature of the nanoparticles. − To date, particle-to-particle heterogeneity is not sufficiently described by standard bulk nanomaterials characterization techniques, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . Meanwhile many single particle techniques, such as electron microscopy, are low throughput so cannot measure enough particles to give representative population-level information, and visualization of the drug cargo is often challenging.…”